72° SOTA Al G/5 VA Zn.
BIOLOGIA
CENTRALI-AMERICANA,
INSECTA.
ORTHOPTERA.
Vou. II.
THE ACRIDHDA
BY
Pror. LAWRENCE BRUNER, B.Sc.
[THE TETTIGINE BY
ALBERT P. MORSE],
AND
THE PHASMIDA BY
ROBERT SHELFORD, M.A., F.L.S., C.M.Z.S.
1900-1909.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION Errata Ev Corricenpa to Vots. I. anp ILI.
List or Prates in Vot. IT.
ACRIDIIDE . PHASMIDE . InpeEx ro Voxs. I. anp II.
Puates to Vot. II.
a2
INTRODUCTION.
Tuis Volume includes the enumeration of the species belonging to the families Acridiide and Phasmide. ‘The Phasmide, as explained in the introductory remarks to that group on p. 3438, are placed at the end of Volume II. for the sake of convenience, no other course being possible, our material having been entrusted many years ago to Hofrath C. Brunner von Wattenwy], to include in his general Monograph of the family. The concluding portion of this important memoir was issued during the past year, just as Prof. L. Bruner was finishing his studies of the Acridiide. Mr. R. Shelford then set to work and compiled from it a list of the Mexican and Central-American Phasmids, and a key to the genera and species, which we published in November last (pp. 343-377).
The available material for the Acridiide was so very limited, especially from Northern Mexico, that Prof. Bruner has considered it advisable to include in his enumeration all the species that are likely to occur in the region under investigation, those brought in for comparison only being placed in square brackets, as in the Phasmide and in Volume I. of this subject. ‘The subfamily Tettigine, the account of which has been contributed by Mr. Albert P. Morse (pp. 3-19}, is illustrated by figures in the text; and the rest of the Acridiide and the Phasmide each by four uncoloured Plates, the original drawings for which were made under the supervision of Prof. Bruner and Hofrath C. Biunner v. Wattenwyl respectively, though they
were all lithographed in Vienna. The illustrations having been prepared in advance, various alterations in the names,
noted in the ‘ List of Plates” and individually in the text, have since become necessary.
Ep. February 1909.
Page Line
34 5 187 27 236 16 261 39 274 31 296 28 302 7 387 21 390 29 414 33 417 24 421 24 446 39 450 28
88 6
89 3 103 38 112 14 115 33 116 vi 116 35 117 25 152 a) 204 3l 225 17 240 13 248 32 266 37 298 19 3387-339 360 3 3854 12 336 23 377 16
ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA.
Vou. I. |
for 3 read 2.
for bioculata read biocellata.
for C. mexicano read C. macilento.
for O. read P.
for P. read O.
for gracilis read gracile.
for californica read californiana.
after GuATEMALA insert Senahu (C2ampion).
for dentrifrons read dentifrons.
for bivatiata read bivittata.
for mexicana read pallidespinosa.
for obtusus read obtusa.
erase the localities ““ Bugaba and Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion),” these referring to the following species, D. rosescens.
for mexicana read hegei.
Vou. II.
for Metaleptes read Metaleptea.
for Scolocephala read Scolocephalus.
erase the locality Camacho in Zacatecas.
for L. coguelletti read L:. coqguilletit.
Jor Camnuuua read CaMNuLA.
Jor Acymnastes read AGYMNASTUS.
for Scirtettica read Scrrrerica,
for Mzstoprucma read TaachyRHACcuis.
for discoides read discoidea.
The locality Colon [Aspinwall] is incorrectly quoted under “ Muxico ”: it should follow the Mexican habitat on the next line, under ‘ Panama.”
for Trapidinotus read Tropidonotus.
for Rutioderes read Rutidoderes.
for T. humilis read R. humilis.
for Tres Maries Is. read Tres Marias Is.
for vittafrons read vittifrons.
The generic name Rhytidichrota, quoted in many places on these pages, must be altered to Rhytidochrota.
for P. saussuret read B. saussurei.
The reference to Diapheromera calcarata, Burm., having been figured under the name 7rychopeplus spinoso-lobatus is incorrect and must be erased, an uncorrected. cancelled impression of Plate VI. having been used by the Editor for checking the figure in question.
LIST OF PLATES.
ACRIDIID.E.
ee
Eumastax surda, 9 .............. Achurum sumichrasti, ¢ Mermiria texana, 2 .............. [—— maculipennis, ¢ | {Paropomala pallida, 9 | [ virgata, 9 | (Syrbula fuscovittata, ¢].......... [Acrolophitus variegatus, ¢ | Acrocara maculipennis, 9?
Macherocera sumichrasti, 9 Bootettix argentatus, 2 Ochrotettix salinus, 3
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Opeia mexicana, Q .............. Amblytropidia mysteca, ? Sisantum notochloris, 9
Orphula azteca, 3 (Parachloebata pratensis, Q | Dichromorpha mexicana, 9? Phaneroturis cupido, ¢ [Napaia gracilis, 3 | Melanotettix dibelonus, J Boépedon diabolicum, ?
Plectrotettix macneilli, 9 Zapata brevipennis*, 2 Psoloessa buddiana, 2 Goniatron planum, ¢
Encoptolophus herbaceus, @ Lactista punctatus, 9 Tomonotus aztecus, 2
ed
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Fig. Page. |
15 22 16 22 14 23 6 34 19 38 9 89 28 40, 842 27 ~—s«-41, 842 25 45 3 48 1 49 7 51 24 52 4 56 5 56 13 58 15 6O 14 66 11 G9 23 73 10 | 84 18 87 17 88 Q 90 16 91 21 | 98 1 102 22 ~——-:108 8 104 20 113 13 141 1] 168 7,8 171
4 il
Plate Fig. «Page. fAnconia integra, 9] ............ IT. 12 186 | Heliastus aridus, 2 .............. Il. 10. 190 Brachystola mexicana, @ ....... If. 4 195 behrensi, Q ........ 0. ee eee Il. 6 196 elsenl, Qo... eee eee IT. 5 196 [Tytthotyle maculata, Q].......... II. 9 197 | Phrynotettix tschivavensis*, ¢ , Il. 1 198 robustus®, ¢ .............. IL. 2 199 | Or OOD, 3 199 [Calamicris californica*, 9 ]........1 IV. 24 201 [ a LV. 25 201 f mexicana’, 9] ............ IV. 26 201 Ichthydion mexicanum, 2 ........ IV. 22 202 Xyronotus aztecus, ¢ ............ IV. 23 203 Sphenarium borrei, ¢ ............ IV. 21 206 Procolpia emarginata®, ¢ ........ IT. 1 223 Tropinotus(Tropidonotus)mexicanus,?, IIT. 2 225 [Dracotettix monstrosus’, g] ...... III. 3 226 ’ eee eee nee Il. 4 226 | plutonius®’, gd] ..........08 Lil. 5 227 - Colpolopha latipennis®, Q ........ II. 25 228 _Cibotopteryx variegata'’, 2 ........ II. 23 229 a IL. 24 229 Litoscirtus insularis, 9 ............ IIL. 6 231 Teniopoda picticornis, ¢ .......... II. 17 234 stli, Oo. e ee ee eee ee Il. 18 234 citricornis ’, Go... ee ee eee II. 19 234 obscura, Go... eee ee eee eee Il. 21 235 AUrICOrNIS, Gow. ke ee ee Il. 22 237 varipennis’’, S ...-.....08- Il. 20 237 Tropidacris dux ..........6-..000 II. 8 240 cardinalis ..............000. Lf. 10 240 imperialiS ............0.00.. It. 9 240) Titanacris velasquezi.............. II. 7 24] Rhicnoderma pugnax'®, Q ...... Til. 21 249, 342 Leptysma mexicana, 3. weteeee Ill. 25 253
™ Aulocara brevipennis on the Plate.
2 Haldemanella tchivavensis on the Plate. 3 Haldemanella robusta on the Plate.
* Atyphoscirtus californicus on the Plate.
° Atyphoscirtus mexicanus on the Plate.
& Munatia inclarata on the Plate.
7 Draconotus monstrosus on the Plate.
* Draconotus plutonius on the Plate.
° Colpolopha sinuata on the Plate. '° Eleochlora juvenalis on the Plate. 1 Teniopoda centurio on the Plate. * Teniopoda flavida on the Plate. 8 Aristia megacephala on the Plate. ‘* Cornops mexicanum on the Plate.
Vili
LIST OF PLATES.
Leptysma mexicana on the Plate. Dellta mextcana on the Plate.
* Anniceris variegata on the Plate.
Anniceris nicaraque on the Plate. Dichroplus mexicanus on the Plate. Ommatolampis saussurei on the Plate. Aspidophyma americana on the Plate. Caulonita rabdotula on the Plate.
I Plate Fig Page. || | Plate. | Fig : | | Leptysma marginicollis', @ ......... III. 24 253 -Bucopiocera rubripes, ¢ .......... II. 26 265 PuasMrD 2. | Proctolabus brachypterus, 3 IIL. 19 266 ‘[Libethra rabdotula’, g]...... ‘ V. or Oe © 8 14 266 || ed V. ' Leioscapheus variegotus*, 9 ........ If. 15 268 | Paradiapheromera strumosa, ¢ ...., Vz. _Anniceris viridulus, ¢ ...........4: II. 16 269 | armata, Go... eee eee eee ee ee , Vv. i © TTY, 17 269 | Bacunculus striatus, ¢ . V. “Coscineuta coxalis, Q .........0.. Ill. 12 273 | —— ——, Qo ore ee eee ee eee es V. olivacea, Qo... . ee eee ee eee lil. 13 | 274 | Diapheromera calearata, Q ........ VIL | Zosperamerus zonatipes*, P ........ Ill. 13 274 | —— furcata, d............0004.. / OY, | Abila(?) collaris, Q ........2..... TI. ll 275 | Pericentrus laciniatus®, ¢ ........ VI. | Psilotettix obesus, Q eee cece eee. IV. 12 276 | Rhynchacris ornata, 2 ............ VI. Clematodes larrew, (re IV. 1 284 | [Phantasis saussurei*®*, 9] ........ VI. 9 Q eee ee eee eee eee IV. 2 284 | Hypocyrtus scythrus”, 9 .......... VII. Vilerna pygmea, 5 .......2...0.5- III. 22 285 substrumosus, ¢ ............ VIL. fn III. 23 285 || yD ese cece cece eens VIL. (&domerus corallipes, gd ]....... IV. 10 293 | [Lamponius guerini, 9] .......... VI. Oa IV. 14 293 | Bostra dorsuaria, ¢ ............0. VI. Dichroplus notatus ° 9D ccceceeevaee IV. 16: 301 | amplectens, ¢ ............055 Vv. { Barytettix crassus, d]............ lV. 8 | 305 |, [Bacteria ploiaria’, gJ............ | VII. nn IV. 9 | 305 |! burkarti®, Qo... eee VII. Sinaloa behrensi, d ............. IV. 11 309 | [Acanthoclonia erinacea“, @]...... VIII. Agroscotettix modestus, 9 ........ IV. 13 312 | [Setosa versicolor, Q] ..........-. VIII. Paraidemona mimica, ¢ .......... i JV. 20 313 || [Eucles imperialis, 9] ............ VIII. | Melanoplus nitidus, 2 beeen eee. lV. 18 | 321 | { rs fr VIII. Aa IV. 19 | 321 || Tenerella tenerrima, ¢ ............ VIII. geniculatus, 3 re IV. 15 | 322 || Brizoides nigricornis ’, 9 .......... VIII. sumichrasti, ¢ ....-......... TV. ij 326 || Chlorophasma hyalinum, 9 ........| VIII. thomasi, ¢ ........ 2... ee, IV. 7 327 |, [Euphasma bicorne, 9 ]............ VIII. Philocleon nigrovittatus, d ........ IV. 17 330 || [Metriotes armatus, 9]............ VIlt. Teinophaus saussurei®, J .......... IV. 3,4 332 || [Creoxylus spinosus, ¢] .......... VIII. —_—— 9 Q eee e eee e eee eaee IV. 5 332 a VIII. Perixerus levis, 6 ...........6.. III. 20 334 || | Xera debilis, os rn Vill. Microtylopteryx fusiformis’, 3 IV. 27 341 || Damasippus striatus, ¢ .......... VIII. Qo cece cece eee eee VIL.
Phantasis subconstricta on the Plate. Hypocirtus strwmosus on the Plate. Phanocles plovaria on the Plate. Phanocles burkartit on the Plate. Acanthoclina crinaceus on the Plate. Briza nigricornis on the Plate.
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA.
ZOOLOGIA. |
Class INSECTA.
Order ORTHOPTERA (continued).
Fam. ACRIDIIDA*.
The family Acridiide among the Orthoptera is one of the most extensive and important groups of insects belonging to the order. Although considerable attention has already been devoted to them by entomologists, they remain little known when compared with the other related families. This is perhaps largely due to the fact that Dr. H. de Saussure, our most active worker in Orthoptera during recent years, has devoted bis energies to the Blattide, Mantide, Gryllide, and Locustide. It is also quite probable that the material difference in haunts and habits among the various species of locusts, as compared with the insects belonging to the families just named, renders them less conspicuous. ‘This being the case, the general collector passes many forms by when otherwise he might have observed and taken them.
Although the material submitted to the writer by the Editors is less complete than could be desired, this deficiency has been in a measure made good by the study of a number of public and private collections. Especially deserving mention are those of the United States National Museum, the California Academy of Sciences, the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and the Museo Nacional, Tacubaya, Mexico. Of the private collections, those furnished by Dr. Henri de Saussure, of Geneva, Switzerland; Samuel H. Scudder, Cambridge, Massachusetts ;
* By Lawrence Bruner, Professor of Entomology in the University of Nebraska, U.S.A. The Subfam. Tettiginze by Arzert P. Morse, Curator of Zoological Museum, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., June 1900. Bs
2 ORTHOPTERA.
Charles C. Deam, Bluffton, Indiana; Professor W. S. Blatchley, Indianapolis, Indiana ; O. W. Barrett, Tacubaya, Mexico, are most important. The writer is especially indebted to Dr. H. de Saussure, who was kind enough to send the types of a number of the species described by him during his active days in connection with the natural history of Mexico, by means of which it has been possible to clear up many points regarding the synonymy of several genera and species. He has also to thank Samuel H. Scudder for his advice and co-operation during the preparation of this work.
The Acridiide are represented in Central America by seven of the nine subfamilies or tribes recognized by Brunner v. Wattenwyl in his ‘ Révision du Systéme des | Orthoptéres.” They may be separated by the following table :-—
Table for determining the Subfamilies of Acridiide.
A’. Claws without cushion or arolium between them; pronotum extending over the abdomen; tegmina lobiform . . . » . . . . TETTIGINE. A’. Claws with cushion or arolium present. b'. Antenne shorter than the front femora. . . . . . . . . . . Masracina. 6°, Antenne longer than the front femora. c’. Prosternum smooth, not provided with a tubercle, swelling, or spine. d’, Fastigium of the vertex but little declivous, meeting the face in a more or less well-defined angle; the face usually very oblique. _ Wings as arule without dusky band . . . . . . ). ). .) OTRryxanine*, d’, Fastigium of the vertex rounded at its point of junction with the , face; the latter vertical or nearly so. Wings usually with coloured disk and well-defined dusky band . . . . . . . C&prropine*. c’. Prosternum in front laminately elevated, tuberculate or spined. d’. Foveole of the vertex above, contiguous, forming the apex of the fastigium. Front strongly receding oo - . « PyRcomorPHIne. d*. Foveole of the vertex above (but never forming the apex of the vertex) or lateral, or below, or wanting. e'. Foveolz above, open behind. Prosternum swollen, rarely spined. Pampuacina, e’. Foveole lateral or inferior, closed behind or (often) entirely
wanting. Prosternum distinctly spined or tuberculate - ACRIDIINA.
* These two subfamilies are occasionally difficult to distinguish, therefore there is given here, in an English form, the detailed distinctions laid down by Stal (Recensio Orthopt. i. pp. 6-7) :—
Fastigium of vertex not or slightly, rarely strongly, declivous; front trending more or less, generally strongly and obliquely, backward ; eyes generally longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene, rarely shorter or of equal length, and in these cases the front is very oblique ; antenne sometimes ensiform, inserted between or below the middle (‘‘inter medium vel pone medium”) of the eyes. Metazona rarely longer, generally shorter than the prozona,
ACRIDIIDA. 3
Subfam. TETTIGINA.
This group of locusts, in consequence of the diminutive size, dull colouring, and inconspicuous habits of its members, has long been neglected by collectors and systematists alike. Very few specimens find their way into collections, and, in consequence, they are exceptionally difficult to separate into species. In many cases differences in structure of the most obvious character formerly regarded as indicative of specific distinctness and used in description have been discovered to be of little or no value; on the other hand, the gradation of forms is so close, and the systematic differences between them in many groups so slight, that individual variation encroaches largely on specific characters. When in addition to these factors we encounter also
the hind margin rarely rectangulate or subrectangulate, generally obtuse, the median carina not cristate ; sulci of the prozona either obliterated or interrupted on the disk, the posterior of these not or but very slightly recurved, never confluent with the principal sulcus (i. ¢. that separating the prozona and metazona); lateral lobes generally narrowed in passing downward, rarely longer than deep, with parallel anterior and posterior margins ; tegmina generally lacking the intercalary vein, the anal and axillary veins generally united at a greater or less distance from the base; arolia generally of medium size or large; metasternal lobes not or but slightly separated . . . . 1. «© «© © «© «© « » © | TRYXALINA, Fastigium of vertex generally strongly declivous, slightly or very slightly prominent; front not or very slightly oblique, generally vertical or subvertical ; eyes generally small or rather small, rarely a little longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne linear or sublinear, generally inserted above the middle of the eyes, sometimes almost above the eyes themselves (“ plerumque ante medium, interdum fere ante oculos”). Pronotum furnished with a median carina often wholly or partly cristate, the metazona typically longer than the prozona, the hind margin generally rectangulate or subrectangulate, the sulci of the prozona either interrupted or the anterior sulcus alone continuous and bisecting the carina or crest, rarely both continuous, the posterior sulcus recurved and frequently confluent with the principal sulcus; lateral lobes transverse (7. ¢. longer than deep) or subtransverse, the front and hind margins parallel or subparallel ; tegmina generally furnished with an interealary vein, the anal and axillary veins frequently running free to the margin; hind femora generally broad, and above and below compressed ; arolia small ; metasternal lobes generally somewhat distant . 2... 1 ee ee ee ee ee te ww we ew oe + ~<CApIPODINA,
To this may be added also the following from Brunner v. Wattenwyl (Rév, Syst. Orthopt. p. 102, nota) :—
The distinction between the Tryxalinze and Cidipodine is somewhat arbitrary and rests on individual perception (‘l’estimation personelle”), When, however, the relative position of the front and the vertex (on which he rests his tabular distinction) leaves one in doubt, the presence or absence of foveole may guide one— Tryxaline having in this case very distinct foveole, while in the (Edipodinz they are effaced. Moreover, the species here taken into consideration, when they are Tryxaline have the mediastinal and scapular areas of the tegmina regularly reticulate by transverse veinlets ; while if they are (Edipodine these areas are always very irregularly reticulated.
Bs 2
4 ORTHOPTERA.
those incident to wide distribution, with its concomitant differences in environment, wé have presented an amount of difficulty before which the most experienced systematist may reasonably pause. Notwithstanding, it is a most interesting assemblage—containing many graceful, grotesque, dainty, bizarre, and beautiful forms, as a glance at the pages of Bolivar’s monograph will show—and offers to the student of variation, of evolution of form, a field where he will be put upon his mettle.
_ A point has been reached, in some genera at least, where the methods of study and publication hitherto in vogue must give way to something better, more thorough and scientific: material must be secured in sufficient series and from particular localities ; descriptions, however minute and carefully worded, must be accompanied by drawings of details known or likely to be of diagnostic value, in order to convey a sufficiently definite knowledge of the form described. This plan, which I had hoped to follow in the present treatise, I have reluctantly been compelled to abandon. Nor can I hope to have been more uniformly successful in the discrimination of species than my predecessors.
The sequence of groups and genera is that adopted by Bolivar in his scholarly ‘Essai’ *, a work that is a necessity to the student of the subfamily. The keys to genera and species are based upon this, though | have discarded certain characters which experience has shown to be misleading or of little importance—notably that of difference in extent of pronotum and wings, a kind of dimorphism of very common occurrence in the entire family.
The most useful characters of practical value are those drawn from the form and proportions of the eyes, vertex, and facial costa; the form of the pronotum and its parts (exclusive of mere length); of the femora, especially the intermediate ; and, to some extent, the proportionate length of the joints of the posterior tarsi. I have also made some use (e.g. in Tettigidea) of a character not hitherto reported which should be explained here. Ifa sufficient number of Tettigine be examined, it will be noticed that opposite the distal end of the tegmina the lateral carine run obliquely downward and backward from the dorsal edge of the disk of the pronotum to the ventral edge of the hind process. Behind this point the dorsal edge of the process is usually formed by a carina which generally is continued forward a greater or less distance nearly parallel to the lateral carina, sometimes not disappearing until after it has crossed the shoulder, and separating in such cases a narrow triangular or linear area from the rest of the disk. This carina I have called the humero-apical carina, and the area cut off by it the scapular area (see figures of Otumha and Tettigidea). Under measurements, “total length” refers to the distance from the vertex to the end of the pronotum or wings as the case may be.
Besides Bolivar’s ‘ Essai,’ the only work worthy of note in connection with the region
* Bolivar, Ign., “ Essai sur les Acridiens de la Tribu des Tettigide ” [Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, xxxi. pp. 175-313, tabb. 4, 5 (1887)]. . .
TETTIGIN A, 5
under. consideration is Prof. Bruner’s short article on “Nicaraguan Orthoptera” *, containing the description of one species and brief mention of seven others, with several figures. Under bibliography I have referred simply to the original description, to the monograph, and to publications treating of the region under consideration.
In addition to the material sent me for examination by the Editors of the ‘ Biologia,’ I have had for study and treatment a considerable number of Tettiginee from Central America contained in the collections of Prof. Bruner (including most of those referred to in his above-mentioned paper) and of Mr. S. H. Scudder—in all, over 150 specimens. To these gentlemen I desire to express my obligations for this privilege, and for the opportunity to study other forms whose identity was of importance relative to the nomenclature of the material here considered.
Key to Groups and Genera.
A. Anterior femora carinate above. B. Facial costa very widely forked, forming a facial scutellum’. CLADONOTA. (Elytra and wings absent.) . . . . . TYLOTETTIX, gen, nov. BB. Facial costa narrowly forked, or, if widely so, "with elytra present. C. Posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum turned outward, obliquely truncate behind . . . . . . . METRODORZ. D. Mid-carina of pronotum conspicuously _ serrato - undulate. Elytra minute, elongate ; vertex concave. CHIRIQUIA, gen. nov. DD. Pronotum flat above, little depressed. ayes lanceo- late. Body slender . . . .-. . Orumsa, gen. nov. DDD. Pronotum strongly depressed. Body stout, Vertex truncate. Hlytra and wings absent . . . . . PuatyrHorus, gen. nov. CC. Posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum turned downward . .... sos ~ + 6 « - « TETTIGLA. EK. Facial costa widely forked, scutelliform, A short supernumerary carina midway between the humeral angles and the mid-carina. . . . . . OcHETOTETTIX, gen. nov. EE. Facial costa narrowly forked; rami parallel or little divergent. F. Vertex considerably wider than eye, more or less advanced. Antenne stout, joints short and broad. Pulvilli of posterior tarsi flat or rounded below . ...... ~~. . . . . Terrrx, Latr. FF. Vertex truncate, narrow, equal to or narrower than eye, rarely a little wider. Antenne slender. Pulvillispiculate . . . . . . . . . | © Pararerrrx, Bol.
* Bruner, Lawrence, ‘‘ Nicaraguan Orthoptera” [Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, iii. no. 3, pp. 58-69, tabb. 2, 3 (1895)]. |
6 ORTHOPTERA.
AA. Anterior femora sulcate above. . . . . +. =. +--+ + +. + BATRACHIDEA. G. Sides of vertex terminating anteriorly in distinct, oblique, transverse, subhorizontal carinz. H. Facial costa sinuous in profile. Elytra minute, elongate. Posterior sinus of lateral lobes barely indicated . . . . PLEcCTRONOTUS, gen. nov. HH. Facial costa convex in profile. Elytra ovate, of normal size. Posterior sinus normal . . .. . . . .- . . Terricipsa, Scudd. GG. Sides of vertex convex, transverse carine obsolete. . . . . Scarza, Bol.
Group CLADONOTZ.
TYLOTETTIX, gen. nov.
Related to Diotarus, but having the face retreating, the facial scutellum deeply concave, with high marginal caring ; the vertex strongly convex in front, with a very prominent mid-carina ; the anterior margin of
the pronotum truncate; the genicular and femoral lobes of the hind femora prominent. The type is T. sinuatus, described below.
1. Tylotettix sinuatus, sp. n. Crimisus sp., Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 61, t. 3. fig. 17.
Face retreating, with prominent carine ; in profile, slightly excavated at the lower edge of the scutellum, deeply (almost rectangularly) so at its upper margin, where the carinz unite to form the very prominent mid-vertical carina, which is continued backward to a point just behind the level of the front margin of the eyes. Seen from above, the vertex is twice the width of one of the eyes, the mid-carina projects in front of the eyes nearly the width of one
of them, and on each side of this the front margin of the vertex is formed 9 by a short transverse carina projecting convexly between the mid-carina J and the eyes, but reaching neither. Pronotum rather sharply tectiform, the 7) :
mid-carina cristate, arched anteriorly, nearly straight posteriorly ; front margin truncate; hind process abbreviated, not reaching the apex of the hind femora, with rounded, subemarginate tip; lateral carine bent inward, elevated and compressed behind the humeral angles, sinuate in both dorsal and lateral views ; hind process with oblique elevated ruge, three or four on each side, running inward and forward from the humero-apical carine nearly to the mid-carina; scapular area, wings, and elytra absent. Fore and mid-femora stout, two and one-half times as long as wide, strongly carinate, lobate beneath with strongly sinuate margins; hind femora stout, genicular and femoral lobes prominent.
Total length, ¢, 8°7: pronotum 7°7; post. fem. 5-25; antennz 2°3 millim. Hab. Nicaracua (Shimek, in coll. Bruner ').
One male, from “a swampy locality.”
Group METRODORZ.
CHIRIQUIA, gen. nov.
Related to Pterotettix, especially in the form of the elytra, but differing from that genus in having the posterior ocelli below the level of the eyes and also in the structure of the vertex.
CHIBIQUIA.—OTUMBA. 7
1. Chiriquia serrata, sp. n. Cota saxosa (Bol. ?, part.), Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 61°.
Body somewhat depressed. Face moderately retreating. Eyes large, globose, very prominent, elevated on the sides of the vertex. Antenne inserted below the level of the eyes, equidistant from the eyes and each other. Posterior ocelli barely below the level of the eyes. Vertex horizontal, elevated at the sides above the eyes to form transverse carine running obliquely downward and inward to the mid-carina; the latter conspicuous from above, but hidden in side view by the prominent eyes, dividing opposite their lower part into high, rather widely divergent antrorse rami; from above, the vertex is nearly twice the width of one of the eyes, distinctly excavate, with a prominent median tooth (the mid-carina) reaching the level of the front margin of the eyes. Face in profile strongly crenate, the middle arc formed by the prominent rami of the frontal costa, the upper arc by the eyes terminated by a minute portion of the transverse carine of the vertex. Pronotum with truncate anterior margin and cuneate apex, of moderate width at the shoulders, granulate, rather flat above, with the exception of several prominent transverse ruge, which form on the mid-carina a series of low teeth between the shoulders and apex, and in front of the humeral angles a high cristiform eminence convexly arcuate in front, concave behind, its height from the shoulders equal to two-thirds the depth of the lateral lobes ; lateral lobes laminate, strongly produced, squarely truncate at the apex. Elytra minute, the exposed portion linear, five times as long as broad. Wings fully developed, reaching the apex of the pronotum, which passes the abdomen by about 1 millim. Anterior and middle femora very slender, the latter five times as long as broad, with irregularly sinuate margins ; (hind legs missing).
Total length, ¢, 9°4: pronotum 8 millim.
Hab. Nicaraeva, Castillo (Shimek, in coll. Bruner!); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 2500 to 4000 feet (Champion).
Two males. Prof. Bruner’s specimen is immature, and he referred it with some doubt to another genus, as noted above ; but so similar is it to the adult male from Chiriqui described that I have no doubt of their specific identity.
OTUMBA, gen. nov.
Related to Metrodora. Face strongly retreating. Eyes very large and prominent, elevated. Vertex truncate. Pronotum somewhat depressed, flat above ; humero-apical carine exceptionally developed and separated from the lateral carinw by a deep groove; scapular area very large; external angles of lateral lobes rectangular. Femora elongate, slender.
1. Otumba scapularis, sp. n. Amorphopus sp., Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 61, t. 3. fig. 2°.
Antenne long, reaching the humeral angles, filiform, very slender, joints 9-12 the longest. Face very retreating, convex opposite the insertion of the antenne, which are placed a little below the level of the eyes. Eyes very large, globose, and prominent, Posterior ocelli exceptionally large, situated between the lower part of the eyes. Vertex truncate, scarcely as wide as one of the eyes, horizontal, terminating anteriorly in oblique transverse carine; the mid-carina distinct but very small; facial costa forking at the middle of the eyes (behind the ocelli) into very narrowly divergent, nearly
8 ORTHOPTERA.
straight, moderately elevated antrorse rami, which are rather widely open below. Pronotum somewhat depressed, elongate, truncate in front, subulate behind, flat above, slightly depressed at the shoulders, granulate, coarsely rugose anteriorly, slightly swollen on each side between the end of the humero-apical carina and principal suleus; the shoulders narrow, humeral angles very obtuse, sides of the hind process straight, mid- carina scarcely distinct, lateral carine prominent ; humero- apical carinz distinct, continued forward in a straight line on the shoulders to meet the lateral carinz 1 millim. behind the principal sulcus, and separated from them by a deep narrow groove opposite the apex of the elytra. Elytra elongate, four times as long as wide, narrowly lanceolate, subacute at each end, nearly straight above, arcuate below. Anterior and middle femora slender (6x1, 5x1), with undulate margins ; hind femora long and slender, genicular and femoral lobes small. Third joint of posterior tarsi equal to or a little longer than the first.
General colour rufous-brown, varied with fuscous, with blotches of pale green on the hind femora and on sides of the pronotum.
Total length, 9, 12°5: pronotum 11°4; post. fem. 6; antenne 4; width of the shoulders 2°6 millim.
Hab. Nicaraaua, Greytown (Shimek, in coll. Bruner),
One female. PLATYTHORUS, gen. nov.
Related to Amorphopus, but possessing elongate antenne, with very large basal joints inserted on a level with the lower margin of the eyes; the anterior and middle femora little expanded ; posterior tarsi with the first joint longer than the third; lateral lobes of pronotum turned outward, obliquely truncate, obtuse, and rounded.
1. Platythorus camurus, sp. n.
Body much depressed, granulate. Eyes of moderate size. Vertex horizontal, one and one-third times as wide as one of the eyes, squarely truncate, with small but distinct mid-carina, the transverse carine separated from it by a shallow groove, but continued into a low ridge running backward along each side of the mid-carina. Antenne elongate, distinctly passing the shoulders, filiform, joints 7-10 the longest, the basal joint two-thirds the width of one of the eyes in length, inserted in a line with the lower margin of the eyes. Facial costa low above, forking midway between the ocelli and vertex into high, narrowly divergent rami, which form in profile a strong protuberance | opposite the points of insertion of the antenne. Pronotum strongly depressed, granulate, flat above, truncate in front, cuneate behind, with pinched, almost mucronate apex; mid-carina distinct in front of and behind the shoulders, nearly obsolete elsewhere, in profile undulate; lateral caring prominent, divergent anteriorly, humeral angles very obtuse ; lateral lobes laminately produced, obliquely truncate at the apex, angles obtuse, rounded. Llytra and wings absent. Anterior and middle femora strongly carinate, with sinuato-lobate margins ; hind femora partaking of the general depressed form of the body, but very stout from side to side; femoral lobes small, genicular lobes prominent, acutely pointed.
Total length, 2, 9°6: pronotum 85; post. fem. 6-3; antenne 55-6 (estimated) millim.
Hab. Nicaraeva, Chontales (Janson).
One female.
OCHETOTETTIX. 9
Group TETTIGIA. OCHETOTETTIX, gen. nov.
Related to and resembling Neotettix, but differing from that genus in the wider furcation of the facial costa, which approaches that of the Cladonote; in the presence of supernumerary carine between the humeral angles and the mid-carina; and in having the humero-apical carine joined to the lateral carine ; leaving no scapular area.
Key to Species. Lateral lobes of pronotum with the posterior sinus very shallow . . . . . . Obarretti, Hanc. Lateral lobes of pronotum with the posterior sinus of normal size. . . . . . volans, sp.n.
1. Ochetotettix barretti, Hanc. Neotettiz barretti, Hancock, Ent. News, x. p. 277 (Dec. 1899) *.
Vertex very broad, twice the width of one of the eyes, and projecting in advance of them, its front margin convex, with a prominent median tooth, the mid-carina, whose apex is nearly half the length of one of the eyes in advance of their front margin ; shallowly excavate above on each side of the mid-carina; the crown elevated, with indications of mammille close to and nearly opposite the middle of the eyes. Eyes of moderate size, but little protuberant. Face in profile convex, with a slight emargination at the lower end of the rami of the facial costa. Antennze very sbort, inserted just below the level of the eyes separated by a space three to four times greater than the distance between them and the eyes. Facial costa forking high up, opposite the upper part of the eyes ; the rami of moderate height, smoothly sinuous, convergent below, forming a deep, concave, broadly lanceolate scutellum, acutely pointed above. Pronotum moderately tectiform, truncate before, cuneate behind, reaching the apex of the hind femora, the humeral angles very obtuse, sides of hind process nearly straight ; surface granular-tuberculate ; mid- and lateral carine prominent, sharp, the former arched in front of the shoulders, straight or slightly undulate behind. Supernumerary carinule short, distinct, placed just in front of the humeral angles, parallel to the lateral carine, midway between them and the mid-carina. Lateral lobes with the posterior sinus very shallow, somewhat as in Nomotettiz. Elytra narrowly lanceolate, rounded at the apex. Wings absent. Anterior and middle femora short and stout, of the female 23 x1, of the male almost clypeate, barely 2x1, the lower margins lobate ; hind femora stout, genicular and femoral lobes conspicuous,
Total length, ¢ 7, 9 6°8-8: pronotum, ¢ 6, 9 6-2-7; post.fem., ¢ 4, 2 4-45; antenne, J 1:5, 9 2millim.
Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo in Guerrero, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).
A male from Atoyac and three females from Chilpancingo.
2. Ochetotettix volans, sp. n.
A larger species, with fully developed wings and pro- notum, readily distinguished from its congener by having the posterior sinus of the lateral lobes of the pronotum of normal size; the surface is more smoothly granulate; the shoulders broader, with more pronounced humeral angles ; the elytra larger, long-elliptical, with rounded apex. ‘The femora are of the same general character, but less stout, especi- ally the intermediate pair of the male.
Total length, g 11-11:5, 2 12-12°8: pronotum, ¢ 10:5, 2 11-11:7; post. fem., ¢ 45-48, 2 5-5°6; antenne, ¢ 2, 9 2-25; pronotum beyond post. fem. 3-3'5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos, Chilpancingo, Venta de Zopilote, Xucumanatlan, and Omilteme, all in Guerrero, 1000 to 8000 teet (HZ. H. Smith).
‘Two males and five females. . BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IT., August 1900. Co
10 ORTHOPTERA.
TETTIX, Latr.
Tetriz, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. xii. p. 161 (1804). Tettiz, Charpentier, in Germar’s Zeitschr. fir Ent. ii. p. 815 (1841) ; Bolivar, Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. xxxi. pp. 195, 257.
It is with some doubt that I refer the two following forms to this genus, since they seem in some particulars to be almost as closely related to Paratettix. It is possible that further research may assign them a place distinct from either, but at present I am reluctant to do so in the absence of sufficient material to justify that course.
Key to Species.
Pronotum convex on the shoulders in both sections, subulate; mid-carina
distinct behind the shoulders, but not elevated . . . . . . COnverUS, SP. D. Pronotum tectiform, abbreviated ; mid-carina elevated throughout, suberistiform anteriorly . 2. 2. 6 1 1 ee ee ee ee ew we ww ew ee bectus, Sp. T
1. Tettix convexus, sp. n.
Antenne stout. Eyes small, globose. Vertex nearly twice as wide as one of the eyes, truncato-convex, a little advanced ; mid-carina small, little produced. Facial costa rather widely sulcate, sides subparallel, in profile advanced before the eyes, smoothly convex opposite the points of insertion of the antenne, slightly concave above them. Pronotum truncate anteriorly, subulate behind, granose-scabrous, convex on the shoulders in both sections ; the mid-carina elevated and subcompressed anteriorly, slightly depressed and scarcely distinct on the shoulders, distinct but not elevated behind them. Wings caudate, passing the hind process. Elytra oblong, rounded or subacuminate at the tip. Femora rather slender ; mid-femora with both margins gently sinuate. Pulvilli of hind tarsi flat or rounded below, the second and third equal.
Total length, ¢ 11°7, 9 12:5: pronotum, g 10:3, 9 10-10°7; post. fem., ¢ 4°6, 9 5-5°4; antenne, 6, 2 millim.
Hab. Mzxico, Mexico city (Bruner, F. D. Godman).
A pair in Prof. Bruner’s collection and a female obtained by Mr. Godman. This is a peculiar species, bearing considerable resemblance to Paratettix rugosus, but distinguished from it by the wider and somewhat advanced vertex, the smaller eyes, stouter antenne, less robust form, and unexpanded middle femora of the male.
2. Tettix (?) tectus, sp. n.
Antenne stout, joints very short and broad. Vertex nearly twice as wide as one of the eyes, a little advanced, truncato-convex, the mid-carina prominent. Eyes small, globose. Facial costa rather narrowly sulcate, moderately protuberant, in profile convex opposite the points of insertion of the antenne, shallowly excavate opposite the eyes. Pronotum obtusely tectiform, anterior margin truncate, apex cuneate, not passing the hind femora; mid-carina elevated, subcristate anteriorly, depressed and sinuate on the shoulders, undulate behind them. Anterior femora with the margins entire or slightly undulate. Middle femora stout, the margins slightly sinuate, with three small lobes above and two below. Posterior femora robust. Posterior tarsi with the pulvilli flat or rounded below. ©
Total length, g 7°5-8, 2 8-3: pronotum, d 6°7-7°-4, 2 7:4; post. fem., g 4:5, 9 4°8; antenna, g, 2:5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Mexico city (Bruner, H. H. Smith).
TETTIX,.—PARATETTIX. 1
Two males obtained by Mr. H. H. Smith and a female in Prof. Bruner’s collection. This species bears a striking resemblance in profile to Paratettix sinuatus, but the form of the antenna, pulvilli, and vertex seems to bring it to this genus. The female hasa malformation of the pronotum in the shape of a convex elevation running transversely across the middle of the hind process.
PARATETTIX, Bol.* Paratettiz, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. pp. 195, 270 (1887).
This is the dominant genus of the group Tettigie in subtropical countries, taking the place of Zetéix in more northern climes. Like Tettiv and Tettigidea, it includes an assemblage of forms approaching each other so closely as to tax the most critical eye. This fact, accompanied as it is by individual and geographic variations, and usually complicated by the lack of material in satisfactory series, makes the genus a most perplexing one to the systematist. Of the eight species reported from Central America I have seen all but two. ‘There are doubtless others to be found; nor is it impossible that some forms here regarded as varieties, and provisionally referred to species, should be given specific rank, while others may perhaps prove to be synonyms.
Key to Species. A. First and third joints of posterior tarsi of equal length . . . . . . peruvianus, Bol. AA. First joint of posterior tarsi longer than third. B. Margins of the middle femora strongly sinuato-lobate. C. Middle femora very widely expanded, clypeate . . . . . . schochi, Bol. CC. Middle femora little expanded.
D. Vertex equai to eye or a little wider, sometimes very slightly advanced. Pronotum elevated at the shoulders; mid- carina elevated throughout, subcristate anteriorly. Middle femora broad, strongly sinuato-lobate. . . . . . . toltecus, Sauss.
DD. Vertex equal to eye or a little narrower, truncate; eyes more prominent. Pronotum rather flat on the shoulders ; mid-carina less elevated, sometimes indistinct posteriorly. Middle femora not quite as broad . . . . . « « . =mexicanus, Sauss.
BB. Margins of the middle femora entire or nearly so. E. Vertex wider than eye. F, Pronotum rather flat above, long-subulate; mid-carina
distinct, but low, except in front of the shoulders, where it is subcompressed and elevated . . . . . . . . durus, sp.n.
FF. Pronotum with the shoulders more elevated; mid-carina higher, acute, compressed throughout, subcristate i in front of the shoulders ; hind process abbreviated . . 6 « + Stnuatus, sp. n.
* Since these pages have been in type, the genus Paratettiv has been divided into three by Hancock K [Ent. News, x. pp. 275-277 (Dec. 1899)], under the names Allotettix, Paratettix, and Telmatettix.
Cc 2
12 . ORTHOPTERA.
EE. Vertex narrower than eye. G. Mid-carina of the pronotum subgibbous anteriorly . . . fallax, Bol. GG. Mid-carina of the pronotum scarcely elevated . . . . . aztecus, Sauss.
1. Paratettix peruvianus, Bol. Paratettix peruvianus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 272 (1887); Giglio-Tos, Boll. d. Mus. di Zool. ed Anat, Comp. d. R. Univ. di Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 3 (1897) *.
Hab. Panama, Colon 2, Rio Cianati, Punta di Sabana, Darien ?.—Perrv }.
Unknown to me. Lately referred to a new genus, Allotettix, by Hancock.
2. Paratettix schochi, Bol. Paratettix schochii, Bolivar, Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 274 (1887) *; Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 62”. Total length, ¢ 10-7-13°5, 9 14-17°5: pronotum, ¢ 8-6-11°3, 2 11°5-15; post. fem., ¢ 45-6, 9 6-7°5; pronotum beyond post. fem., ¢ 2-25, 9 2:56-3°5; wings beyond pronotum, ¢ 1-2, 2 1°58 millim. Hab. Mexico, Colima (coll. S. H. Scudder: 2), Chilpancingo, Rincon, and Xucu- manatlan, all in Guerrero, 2800 to 7000 feet (H. H. Smith: 3 ¢ ), Jalapa (coll. Bruner?) ; GUATEMALA’, near the city (Champion: 3 9); Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson: ¢), Ometépe (Shimek, in coll. Bruner?: 3 9).
This is an easily recognizable species, though very variable in size, as the above- given measurements show.
3. Paratettix toltecus, Sauss. Tettix tolteca, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 401°.
Paratettix toliecus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 273°; Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Jowa, iii. no. 3, p. 62°.
Paratettix toltecus extensus, Morse, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. vii. p. 198 (1899) ‘. Hab. Norra America, South-western United States, Lower California.—Mexico ! 2, Cuernavaca (Deans, in coll. Bruner); Nicaragua, Ometépe (Shimek, in coll. Bruner 4),
This species is common in the South-western United States of America, having been recorded from California, Colorado, Arizona, and Texas, and is probably more plentiful in Mexico than the material at hand seems to indicate. I have also seen specimens from San José del Cabo, Lower California, Cuernavaca, and Ometépe.
The long-winged form is distinguished as P. toltecus extensus ; it has been found in California 4, as well as at Ometépe, Nicaragua 4.
_ _4. Paratettix mexicanus, Sauss. Tettia mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 400%. Paratettiz mexicanus (part.), Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 275’. Paratettix caudatus, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Towa, iii. no. 3, p. 62°.
PARATETTIX. 13
Hab. Nortu America, Pinal Mountains, Arizona.— Mexico! 2, Savanito and Sierra Nola (coll. Scudder), Cuernavaca, ‘Teapa (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann), San Rafael, Vera Cruz (Townsend, in coll. Bruner), Medellin, Vera Cruz (Heyde, in coll. Bruner ; H. H. Smith), San Lorenzo, near Cordova (M. Trujillo); GuateMa.a, near the city (Champion); Nicaraeua (coll. Bruner ®); Costa Rica, Caché, Volcan de Irazu (Rogers). |
The majority of the specimens of Paratettix that I have seen from Central America belong to this species or to varieties thereof. Bolivar? reports P. meaxicanus from Texas, Georgia, and North Carolina, but it is probable that he regarded P. cucullatus as a variety of it.
5. Paratettix durus, sp. n.
Vertex truncate, wider than one of the eyes, transverse, narrowed anteriorly , mid-carina little produced. Eyes prominent, oblong. Facial costa rather widely sulcate ; rami evenly divergent, sometimes sub- parallel, in profile little protuberant. Pronotum rather flat above, except anteriorly, scabrous-granulate ; mid-carina subcompressed and elevated anteriorly, depressed at the shoulders, acute but not elevated, undulate or nearly horizontal behind them; hind process subulate, passing posterior femora about 2 millim. Elytra oblong, subacuminate or rounded at the apex. Wings caudate, passing pronotal process 1-2 millim., infuscated at the apex. Anterior femora subundulate beneath; middle femora rather stout, entire or very slightly undulate above, subsinuate beneath. First joint of posterior tarsi distinctly longer than the third.
Total length, ¢, 10-11'5: pronotum 8°7-9°3 ; post. fem. 4-3-5; antenne 2°5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Medellin in Vera Cruz (Heyde, in coll. Bruner), 'Teapa and Frontera
in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).
Six specimens, all males—four from Vera Cruz and two from Tabasco, one of the latter now being without head.
6. Paratettix sinuatus, sp. n.
Very similar to the preceding, P. dwrus, but differing from it in having the mid-carina of the pronotum more elevated throughout and more sinuate in profile, and the pronotum a little more elevated on the shoulders. Hind process of the pronotum abbreviated, cuneate, not passing the hind femora, and of the same length as the wings.
Total length, ¢ 68-74, Q 84-9: pronotum, ¢ 6°3-6°7, Q 74-76; post. fem. g 44-47, 2 5; antenne, ¢ 2°5, 9 2°5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (Deans, in coll. Bruner: 3), San Rafael, Vera Cruz (Townsend, in coll. Bruner: 3 2).
Two pairs from San Rafael and a male from Guanajuato. This may possibly prove to be a short-winged form of the preceding species.
7. Paratettix fallax, Bol. Paratettix fallax, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 282 (1887) *.
Hab. GuaTEMALA t.
14 ORTHOPTERA.
I am unacquainted with this species, but according to Bolivar’s description it is even smaller than P. aztecus. It was described from a female from Guatemala.
8. Paratettix aztecus, Sauss.
Tettix azteca, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 400°.
Paratettiz aztecus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 282’.
Total length, ¢ 7:5-11°3, 9 9-3-1385: pronotum, ¢ 5°6-8-7, @ 8-11; post. fem., ¢ 3:7-4:5, 2 45-6; antenne, ¢ 3, 2 3; pronotum beyond post. fem., ¢ 0-2, 2 0°5-2; wings beyond pronotal process, 3 0°8-1:8, 9 0°3-1-7 millim.
Hab. Norru America, Arizona, California ?.—MeExico !, Northern Sonora (Morrison), Villa Lerdo in Durango (Hége), Tepic, Orizaba (coll. Bruner), Acapulco, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith), San Lorenzo, near Cordova (M. Trujillo). ANTILLES, Cuba ?.
A very graceful little insect, presenting considerable variation in size and stoutness of body. This species, and probably also the preceding, P. fallax, fall into the genus Telmatettix, recently proposed by Hancock [Psyche, ix. p. 7 (1900)].
Group BATRACHIDEZ. PLECTRONOTUS, gen. nov.
Nearly allied to Tettigidea in general structure, but differing from it in the form of the facial costa, the minute elongate elytra, and, especially, in the structure of the pronotum, which is coarsely scabrous, with the posterior sinus of the lateral lobes all but obsolete and the posterior angles a little reflexed. Type P. scaber, described below.
1. Plectronotus scaber, sp. n.
Antenne 21-22-jointed, slender, filiform, about reaching the base of the hind femora. Eyes of moderate size prominent. Vertex scarcely (d ), or one and one-half times ( ? ), as wide as one of the eyes, truncate in front, the mid-carina of moderate size and but little produced backward; the front margin transversely carinulate, the carinulee and surface immediately behind them slightly depressed. Crown horizontal. Facial costa rather broadly sulcate, the margins sinuous, approximated below the points of insertion of the antenne; in profile, strongly convex opposite the lower margin of the eyes, moderately concave opposite the middle of them. Pro- notum tectiform, very coarsely scabrous, granulate; the front margin advanced, with concave sides and uncinate apex extending to the end of the mid-carina of the vertex, a little behind the level of the front of the eyes ; the hind process abbreviated, its sides convex, apex acute ; lateral lobes rather deep, the posterior angles acute, somewhat rounded at the tip and turned a little outward, the posterior sinus barely indicated ; mid-carina subcristiform, sinuate, depressed at the shoulders, elevated and subcompressed in front of them ; lateral caring well-developed, coarsely granulate-tuberculate on the humeral angles, which are very obtuse. Elytra minute (less than 1 millim. in length), elongate, rounded at the apex, the lower margin pale yellow. Legs much as in Tettigidea, but somewhat less stout ; pulvilli of first joint of hind tarsi small.
Total length, ¢ 9, 2 12: pronotum, 3 7, 2 10; post. fem., ¢ 5°5, 2 7: antenne, ¢ 5:5, 9 6; post. fem. beyond pronotum, ¢ 1:5, 2 1°5 millim.
Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Hogers).
One pair.
TETTIGIDEA. 15
TETTIGIDEA, Scudd. Tettigidea, Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 476 (1862).
This is the dominant genus of the group Batrachidez, numerous both in species and individuals. Dimorphism in length of pronotum and wings is common, occurring in the majority of the species of which I have seen any considerable numbers. In consequence of this, and other reasons stated, it is extremely difficult to frame a satisfactory key to the species, and the following must be looked upon as a tabulated statement of the more obvious differences existing rather than as a practical key to their determination. One species, 7. guatemalteca, I have not been able to satisfactorily identify, though it may be one of the forms here treated; it is omitted from the key, but the description of it as given by Bolivar is quoted in full.
Key to Species.
A. Vertex blunt, more or less truncate; eyes prominent. B. Posterior sinus of the lateral lobes of the pronotum relatively shallow; vertex truncate. C. Dorsum of pronotum smoothly granulate, horizontal, distinctly depressed at the shoulders . . . . . . « OSrunert, sp. n. CC. Dorsum of pronotum with conspicuous, nearly percurrent, irregular longitudinal ruge; horizontal or somewhat depressed at the shoulders in the male, arched near the front margin in the female . . . . . .- - . chichimeca, Sauss. BB. Posterior sinus of the lateral lobes of the pronotum of usual depth; vertex scarcely truncate; pronotum granulate, hori-
zontal in the male, a little arched in the female . . . nicarague, Brun. AA. Vertex a little advanced, subangulate; pronotum decidedly arched longitudinally . 2. 2 1. 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee plagiata, sp. n.
AAA. Vertex advanced; eyes not prominent. D. Vertex equal to or less than one of the eyes in width, the mid- carina well-developed. Anterior margin of the pronotum little produced, rounded. Surface smoothly granulate, rugule barely visible. Scapular area distinct, triangular, widest at the humeral angles. A very small and slender species . . . . parvula, sp. n. DD. Vertex wider than one of the eyes. E. Scapular area absent. Surface smoothly granulate. Ante- rior margin of the pronotum little advanced, rounded. Mid-carina of vertex feebly developed. . . . . . « migra, sp. n. EE. Scapular area present, narrow. Surface irregularly rugulose. Anterior margin of the pronotum strongly advanced, angulate, or rounded-angulate. Mid-carina of vertex well-developed . . . . = - + + + «© + © © © ¢etta, sp, De
16 ORTHOPTERA.
1. Tettigidea bruneri, sp. n.
Eyes prominent, globose. Vertex blunt, nearly truncate, equal to (3), or wider than (@ ), one of the eyes, horizontal, the crown a little elevated in the female ; the mid-carina well-developed, extending but little backward. Facial costa prominent, widest below, rather widely sulcate. Pronotum granulate, tectiform, distinctly depressed at the shoulders ; front margin little advanced, angulate ; hind process abbreviated, not reaching the apex of the hind femora, depressed, sometimes a little reflexed at the tip, sides straight ; scapular area barely indicated or lacking entirely ; median carina prominent, sharp, subcristiform ; lateral caring well-developed near the front margin, parallel, arcuately divergent behind, obsolete in front of the principal sulcus; posterior sinus of the lateral lobes shallow, one-third to two-thirds as deep as the anterior lobes. Hind femora robust, margins of the apex concave, genicular and femoral lobes well-developed.
General colour brown; face, venter, and apex of abdomen pale yellow; mid-carina of pronotum sometimes spotted with fuscous. A notable colour-variation is that presented by one female, in which the eyes, the top of the head, and the anterior portion of the pronotum (in the form of a triangle whose apex reaches
the first sulcus) are yellow. Total length, g 9-10°5, 9 13-14: pronotum, ¢ 7°5-8°3, ? 10°5-11; post. fem., ¢ 6-6:5, 2 7°5-8; antenne, ¢ 3°5-4, 9 4-4°5 millim.
Hab. Mexico (colls. Bruner & Scudder).
Five males and seven females.
. Tettigidea chichimeca, Sauss. Tettix chichimeca, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 400°. Tettigidea chichimeca, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 296°.
Hab. Mexico 1, Ciudad in Durango ?.
Among the material collected by Mr. H. H. Smith are two specimens which probably belong here—a short-winged male from Teapa, Tabasco, and a long-winged female from Atoyac, Vera Cruz. Saussure! gives the habitat as ‘“ Mexico calida.”
3. Tettigidea nicarague, Brun. Tettigidea nicarague, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 62, t. 8. figg. 3a, 36
(1895) *.
Total length, short-winged ¢ 11, 2 14-16; long-winged ¢ 12°8-13°5, 9 17-18: pronotum, short-winged 3 10°3-10:4, 9 18:2-14; long-winged ¢ 105-12, 2 15-162; post. fem., ¢ 5°6-7:3, 9 7-8-9; antenne, ¢ 4, 9 4:5 millim,
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz, Teapa in Tabasco (Z. H. Smith); NICARAGUA (coll. Bruner +).
Of this species I have had the types for comparison, and I refer to it the four males and ten females obtained by Mr. H. H. Smith in Eastern Mexico, the only difference worthy of note being that.in the Nicaraguan insects the hind femora, especially of the male, are distinctly smaller than in the others. It should be noted here that in the drawing of the lateral aspect of the female type (doc. cit.) the pronotum is represented too much arched longitudinally.
This is the largest species of the genus that I have seen from Central America and is noticeably dimorphic in wing-length.
TETTIGIDEA. 17
4, Tettigidea plagiata, sp. n.
Antenne filiform, very slender. Eyes scarcely subprominent. Vertex and crown distinctly convex, faintly excavated at the sides; vertex advanced, subangulate, a little wider than one of the eyes, the sides parallel, the mid-carina small, little produced backward. Facial costa narrow throughout, widest below. Pronotum convex-tectiform, arched longitudinally, the surface granulate, with faint, short, irregular rugule; the anterior margin advanced one-fourth its width, rounded angulate; mid-carina prominent, acute; lateral carine obsolete anteriorly, distinct behind the principal sulcus; scapular area reduced to a mere line; hind process long-subulate, passing posterior femora 1°8 millim., exceeded 1:4 millim. by the wings; lateral lobes with the upper sinus rather deeper than usual. Elytra large, long-elliptical, with an oblique subapical pale bar. Femora slender, the posterior pair with a narrow pale streak bounding the lower margin of the external pagina internally.
Total length, ¢, 13°5: pronotum, ¢, 11°8; post. fem., 3, 6-4; antenne, ¢, 3:5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith).
One male. I have also seen two females, one from Cuernavaca, the other from Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith), which perhaps belong to this species, though they approach T. nicarague rather closely, differing from it in being slightly smaller, with more arched pronotum and slenderer hind femora.
5. Tettigidea parvula, sp. n.
Antenne slender, filiform. Vertex narrow, equal to, or barely as wide as, one of the eyes; mid-carina prominent. Facial costa prominent, narrowly sulcate, widest below. Pronotum punctate or smoothly granulate, with a few indistinct longi- tudinal rugule on the shoulders, the humero-apical carinule distinct, bounding a well-marked scapular area, which is widest at the humeral angles; hind process subulate. Elytra widest subapically, obliquely truncate at the apex, with a sub- apical oblique pale bar. Wings fully developed. Hind femora robust, margins of the apex but little concave.
Total length, ¢ 10°5, 9 12°5: pronotum, ¢ 8:5, 2 10; post. fem., ¢ 5, 2 635 antenne, ¢ 35, 9 3°5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith).
Two males and two females. This is the smallest and most slender species of Tettigidea known to me. It resembles 7. plagiata in the general form of the body, but the hind femora are proportionally stouter, the facial costa is more prominent, the crown less elevated, the vertex narrower, and the size much less. It may possibly prove to be referable to T. guatemalteca, Bolivar.
6. Tettigidea tecta, sp. n.
Vertex horizontal, advanced before the eyes a distance equal to one-fourth its width, angulate, with aub- prominent mid-carina, which extends well backward; the lateral margins converging backward to its narrowest part just in front of the coronal lobes, where its width is one and a half times that of one of the eyes. Facial costa with upper and lower halves nearly equal in width. Pronotum distinctly tectiform, especially in the female; the anterior margin strongly advanced, one-third its width or a little more, parallel to the sides of the vertex, angulate at the apex; surface smoothly granulate; mid- and lateral caring prominent, with two to four irregular additional rugule; scapular area present, narrow ; posterior sinus of the lateral lobes shallow ; hind process abbreviated. Elytra rather small, long-elliptic, unmarked.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., November 1901. Dp
18 ORTHOPTERA.
Wings absent. Femora stout, especially the posterior pair, in which the upper margin of the external pagina is distinctly convex and that of the femur itself straight. Total length, ¢ 9, 9 12:5: pronotum, ¢ 85, 2 11; post. fem., d 5:5, 9 65 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango 8100 feet (Forrer).
Two males and one female. This species resembles 7. prorsa, from Georgia, but differs from it in the more angular front margin of the pronotum, wider vertex, more prominent eyes, and stouter hind femora.
7. Tettigidea nigra, sp. n.
Vertex and crown strongly convex above, a little less angulate in front than in T. tecta; the mid-carina smaller, less prolonged backward, barely reaching the level of the eyes. Facial costa narrowly sulcate, the upper part narrower, with parallel sides. Pronotum tectiform, mid-carina prominent, subcristiform ; the surface smooth, finely granulate, the transverse sulci impressed ; scapular area | wanting or very nearly so; front margin rounded-angulate, advanced one-fourth to one-third its width; hind process abbreviated, not reaching the end of the femora ; lateral lobes with the posterior sinus of usual size, sometimes a little shallow. Elytra of usual size and furm, with a subapical oblique pale bar. Wings absent.
Colour black, except the face below the eyes, the apex of the pronotum, and the apex and venter of the abdomen; tibie and tarsi fasciated with fuscous.
Total length, ¢, 8-5-9: pronotum, ¢, 8-8°5; post. fem., ¢, 5°5-6°4 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Xucumanatlan and Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).
Three males. In colour this species presents a notable exception (at least’ in the types) to the general reddish-brown hue prevalent in the genus.
8. Tettigidea guatemalteca, Boliv. Tettigidea guatemalieca, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 298 (1887) '.
“Pallide grisea, fusco variegata; femoribus fusco-fasciatis. Vertice oculo angustiore, antice obtuse parum
producto, medio carinato, a latere viso rotundato. Pronoto antice rotundato-subangulato, postice subulato apicem femorum vix superante; dorso sub-levi, rugis longitudinalibus fere indistinctis ; inter humeros convexiusculo, carina media parum elevata pallide fuscoque notata; carinis lateralibus prope marginem anticum perspicuis, curvatis, retrorsum divergentibus. LElytris levibus, fuscis, extus pallidioribus, ante apicem macula obliqua pallida notatis; alis longe pone apicem pronoti extensis. Femoribus posticis minute granulatis: articulo primo tarsorum posticorum pulvillis inferne subrotundatis; tertio parum longiore.
‘¢ Long. corporis, 9, 10 mm., pronoti 10°5 mm., fem. post. 6 mm.
“ Tab. GUATEMALA 1.
“Chez cette espéce le pronotum est presque privé des carénes longitudinales irréguliéres que l’on voit dans les autres espéces du genre. Par sa taille elle pourrait figurer entre 7. polymorpha, Burm., et T. lateralis, Scudd.”
SCARIA. 19
SCARIA, Bol. Scaria, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. pp. 196, 301 (1887).
1. Scaria hamata, De Geer. Acrydium hamatum, De Geer, Mém. des Ins. iii. p. 5038, t. 42. fig. 18 (1773) *. Scaria hamata (De Geer), Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 301. Scaria hamata (Serv.), Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 62°.
Hab. Nicaraaua, Los Sabalos River (coll. Bruner *).—Gutana!?; AMAzONS ?.
One male, “taken in a swamp upon aquatic vegetation along the Los Sabalos River, north-west from Castillo” (Bruner). Recorded elsewhere from Surinam Cayenne, and the Upper Amazon.
Subfam. HUMASTACINA* fF.
If we are to judge from the material at hand, this very remarkable subfamily of locusts, which contains so many imitative forms, is very poorly represented in Mexico and Central America. Nevertheless, as the following table will show, some extremely interesting species are to be met with. In the genus Teicophrys, from Cape San Lucas, Lower California, we have a representative of the Old-World group with dilated frontal costa between the antenne.
Owing to the comparatively small size and inconspicuous appearance of those forms with stick-like apterous bodies, they are apt to be overlooked by the general collector. Hence, a careful search made by specialists over the country from the Isthmus of Panama to the northern boundary of Mexico and in California will, no doubt, result in the addition of more genera and species.
For this reason, several of the allied genera and species known to inhabit Southern California or the northern parts of South America are enumerated, these being placed (as in Vol. I. of this subject) within square brackets.
Table of the genera of Eumastacine inhabiting the middle portions of America. A. Frontal costa more or less dilated and flattened between the antenne. 6. Pronotum with the dorsum not tectiform, plain. Metatarsi of hind legs with both margins denticulate above. .
* Principal works referred to for this subfamily :— Buzr, Matcorm, Essai sur les Eumastacides, pp. 96, pls. 3, Madrid: Anal. de la Soc. Esp. de Hist. Nat. t. xxviii (1899). Karscu, F., ‘‘ Ueber die Mastaciden,” Entomol. Nachrichten, xv. pp. 24-36 (1899). Gurstarcker, A. C., “ Characteristik einer Reihe bemerkenswerther Orthoptera,” Mittheilung. naturwiss. Vereins Neuvorpommern und Riigen, xix. & xx. (1888). . ft = Masracinay, antea, p. 2.
Dp 2
20 ORTHOPTERA.
c. Fastigium of the vertex horizontally produced or but slightly elevated, emarginate. Pronotum truncate or cmarginate behind . 2. 2. 1 ee ee ee ee ek
AA. Frontal costa percurrent, very narrow between the antenne, deeply sulcate throughout. 6. Basal joint of hind tarsi above with both margins spined or serrate. Body apterous.
ce. Sulcation of the vertex not separated from that of the frontal costa by a transverse ridge. Valves of the ovipositor blunt, unequal in length, and without teeth or serrations . . .
cc. Suleation of the vertex separated from that of the frontal costa by a transverse ridge. Valves of the ovipositor acute at tip, strongly serrated . Loe ee ee .
6b. Basal joint of the hind tarsi above with both margins smooth or at most provided with stiff hairs.
c. Legs long, the spines on the inner side of hind tibiz alternately large and small. Tegmina and wings wel] developed or rudi- mentary.
d. Vertex rather narrow, neither compressed nor projecting in
front of the eyes. Tegmina and wings present.
e. Tegmina hyaline, regularly veined; wings hyaline, not coloured. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. ew ee ee ee ee
ee. Tegmina opaque, coloured, densely or irregularly veined ; wings coloured. . . . . . . - ee
dd. Vertex moderately broad, horizontal, and projecting in front of the eyes. Tegmina and wings rudimentary . . . .
ce. Legs shorter, the spines on the inner side of hind tibiz of uniform
size. ‘Tegmina and wings absent or rudimentary . . .
[TEICOPHRYS, gen. nov.
[Trrcopurys, Bruner.]
Gymnotettix, Bruner.
Episacrus, Brunner.
Eumastax, Burr. Paramastax, Burr. [Masyntgs, Karsch. |
{Morsga, Scudder. |
Body of moderate size, rather slender, and apterous; the pronotum short and inconspicuous, scarcely longer than either the meso- or metathoracic segments separately, and with a small median carina, the hind and front edges above truncate, slightly notched in the middle. Head short, the eyes only a trifle prominent, about as long as the cheeks below them ; vertex gently ascending, bordered by well-defined lateral ridges
which terminate in anteriorly projecting blunt points that reach beyond the front edges of the eyes, these points forming also the upper termini of the lateral walls of the frontal costa. There is also on each side at the back edge of the fastigium of the vertex a prominent tubercle, which marks the beginning of the carine just referred to. The flattened frontal costa of the face, which is continuous with the fastigium of the vertex, is bordered by rather prominent carine that diverge greatly to a point midway between the top and bottom of the eyes and then suddenly converge, 80 as to leave the costa only about one-half or a trifle more of its greatest width, from where they continue down the face parallel or nearly so to just below the ocellus, when they again bend
abruptly inward and unite, forming a single ridge down the middle of the face almost to the clypeus, where it branches, sending out and downward on each side obliquely a carina that reaches and unites
TEICOPHRYS.—GYMNOTETTIX. a1
with the lateral carina of the face, as indicated in the accompanying figure. Hind femora shorter than the abdomen, fairly stout, the upper carine provided with a number of rather strong spines; metatarsi with both margins denticulate above. Upper valves of the ovipositor more or less serrate, the lower ones provided with two coarse, blunt teeth back of the strongly curved apex. Antenne normal.
The above-mentioned characters are based on an imperfect female specimen of T. fusiformis from the collection of Samuel H. Scudder and on two very immature alcoholic specimens belonging to the California Academy of Sciences. These latter, which were obtained by Gustav Eisen at San José del Cabo, Lower California, are doubtfully referred to a distinct species from the one described from the same region.
1. Teicophrys fusiformis, sp. n.
General colour in life presumably dull testaceous or olive-brown, with little variation in the form of lighter or darker brown lines and dots. The body is largest at the metathorax, and tapers gently both anteriorly and posteriorly, and is covered rather sparsely above with elevated points and ridges which range them- selves into series that give the surface the appearance of being transversely wrinkled. These tubercles are largest on the thorax, but most numerous on the abdomen. The eyes show alternate light and dark streaks which are parallel to their anterior edges. There are also dark tips to the spines on the hind femora and the valves of the ovipositor.
Length of body (9 ) 27: of pronotum 2°5; of hind femora 12 millim.
Hab. Lower Catirornta, Cape St. Lucas (Palmer, in coll. Scudder). |
GYMNOTETTIX, gen. nov.
A single female specimen of this subfamily of locusts before me differs so much from the characters given for Episactus and Eumastax that I have decided to place it in a separate genus. ‘The following differences are the most important, together with those which are given in the above ‘Table for separating the genera :—
Sulcation of the vertex separated by a transverse carina from that of the frontal costa (Hpisactus), not so separated (Gymnotettiz). Basal joint of hind tarsi serrate above on both margins (Gymunotettix), basal joint of tarsi smooth (Humastax). |
Body slender; the pronotum small, truncate in front and slightly emarginate behind, the median carina distinct, linear. Head a little wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the vertex somewhat produced in advance of the eyes, where its lateral walls converge somewhat and continue as the lateral carine of the frontal costa. The latter about one-half as broad as the vertex between the eyes, deeply sulcate throughout and of nearly uniform width. Eyes less prominent than in Humastax, about three-fifths as broad as long. Antenne with the basal and second joints less enlarged than in that genus, 11-jointed. Hind femora about equalling the abdomen in length, comparatively heavy; the hind tibie irregularly spined—only partially showing the alternation of long and short spines,—the basal tarsal joints strongly toothed on both margins above. Ovipositor with the valves blunt, toothless, the lower pair considerably the shorter.
1. Gymnotettix occidentalis, sp. n.
General colour above dark olive-brown, with the sides of the pronotum and the tip of the abdomen reddish. Face and basal portion of hind femora lighter. Eyes shining, dark brown, with a narrow yellowish transverse median band. Apical portion of the hind femora, together with the tibie and tarsi, brownish-. black. ,
Length of body (9) 14: of pronotum 2°45; of hind femora 12 millim.
Hab. British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneauz).
22 ORTHOPTERA.
EPISACTUS, Brunner.
Episactus, Brunner v. W., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) xiii. p. 115 (1893); Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 40 (1899).
1. Episactus brunneri, Burr. (Tab. II. figg. 15, 15@, 2; 16, 16a, 3, 3 +.) Episactus brunneri, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 40 (1899).
Hab. Guatrmata (coll. Brunner).
EUMASTAX, Burr.
Mastaz, Perty, Delect. Anim. Bras. p. 122 (1830) ; Blanch.; Serv.; Burm.; Stal; Brunner v. W.; Karsch; Gerst. Eumastazx, Burr, Essai sur les Kumastacides, p. 43 (1899).
Although but a single species of this genus has been taken in Central America or Mexican territory, five additional forms are recorded from the northern parts of Tropical South America, and are therefore likely also to occur in the State of Panama and northward. These insects may be separated by the following synoptic Table :—
A. Apex of the vertex above the eyes not visible when viewed from the side. 6. Tegmina and wings fully developed. c. Posterior femora unicolorous, testaceous or olivaceous, the carinz black, never indistinctly dusky spotted nor with transverse lines. d. Eyes unicolorous. e. Pronotum testaceous or ferruginous, marked with a black line on each side. Cerci of male incurved. Size small. Colour
ferruginous, varied with black . . . . . . « «. « . {[tenuis, Perty.] ee. Pronotum uniformly testaceous. Abdomen fuscous, the two penultimate dorsal segments bright red. Size small . . . [ poultoni, Bury. | dd. yes bicolorous . . .... . ~ + 6 e « « « . [semiceca, Brunner.]
cc. Posterior femora varicoloured or ornamented with transverse lines,
towards the apex reddish. Abdomen testaceous, with a yellowish vittaoneach side . . . ... 0. ~ 6 « « . surda, Burr,
bb. Tegmina rudimentary, wings absent. Colour fuscous ; the pronotum
bright ferruginous, without a carina, the posterior ridge roundly
emarginate; apex of abdomen ferruginous. . . - + + . . [rosenbergi, Burr.] AA. Apex of the vertex above the eyes visible when viewed from the side. Deflexed lobe of pronotum roundly angled in front. . . . . . . [militaris, Gerst. |
[1. Kumastax tenuis, Perty.
Mastax tenuis, Perty, Delect. Anim. Bras. p, 123, t. 24. fig. 3 (1830-1834) ; Serv.; Burm.; Walk.; Gerst.; Karsch.
Mastaz virescens, Westw. Arcana Ent. i. p. 100.
EUMASTAX.——-PARAMASTAX. 23
Mastax minuta, Bol. An. Soc. Esp. x. p. 481 (1881); Karsch; Giglio-Tos. Eumastaz tenuis, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 45 (1899).
Hab. Ecuapor (Bolivar, Giglio-Tos, &c.); Puru (Gerstaecker); Braz (Perty, Serville, &c.). |
[2. Eumastax poultoni, Burr. Eumastaz poultoni, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 47 (1899).
Hab. Cotomsia (Mus. Oxon.).]
[3. Humastax semiczca, Brunner. Mastax semicecus, Brunner v. W., Obs. on the Colours of Ins. p. 15, fig. 118 (1897). Eumastax semiceca, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, ‘p. 48 (1899).
Hab, Upper Amazons (coll. Brunner v. W.).|
4. Kumastax surda, Burr. (Tab. II. figs. 14, 14a, 2.) EKumastax surda, Burr, Essai sur les Kumastacides, p. 50 (1899). Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (coll. Brunner v. W.), Bugaba (Champion).—Prrv (coll. Brunner v. W.).
The Bugaba specimen was first determined as £. collaris (Gerst.), but later referred as above.
(5. Humastax rosenbergi, Burr. Eumastaz rosenbergi, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 52 (1899).
Hab. Cotomsta (coll. Burr). |
(6. Eumastax militaris, Gerst. Mastax militaris, Gerst. Mitth. Neuvorp. Rigen, 1888, p. 84; Karsch. Eumastaz militaris, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 58 (1899).
Hab. Amazons (coll. Brunner v. W.).]
PARAMASTAX, Burr.
Paramastazx, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 54 (1899). Mastax, Scudder ; Gerstaecker ; Bolivar; Karsch.
1. Paramastax magna, Giglio-Tos. Mastax magna, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Tor. xiii. no. 311, p. 57 (1899). Paramastax magna, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 57.
Hab. Mexico (coll. Brunner v. W.).—Kcuabor, Santiago (Giglio-Zos).
24 ORTHOPTERA.
[MASYNTES, Karsch.
Masyntes, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv. pp. 26, 31 (1889) ; Brunner v. W., Rev. Orth. p. 115 (1893). Mastax, Scudder ; Bolivar (nec Perty, De Haan, Stal).
Table for separating the Species.
A. Fastigium of the vertex emarginate at the apex. Wings present. Antenne
unicolorous, testaceous . .- . . oe ee ew ee ew . gundlachi, Scudd. AA. Fastigium of the vertex rounded. Wings absent. Antenne brown, the basal joint yellow . 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee mutilata, Serv.
1. Masyntes gundlachi, Scudd.
Mastaz gundlachi, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 262 (1874-75) ; Bolivar, Enum. Ins. Orth. de l’ile de Cuba, in Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1888, p. 26.
Masyntes gundlachi, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 31 (1899).
Hab. Cusa (Scudder, Bolivar, Brunner).
While the West-Indian Islands are not exactly a part of the country embraced by this work, in the present and several other instances certain insects are introduced on account of their close relationship to Central-American forms, or else because of their special interest to the student in his investigations along faunal lines.
2. Masyntes mutilata, Serv. Mastax mutilata, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 751, t. 8. fig. 4 (1839) ; Karsch, &c. Masyntes mutilata, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 8 (1899).
Hab. Cotomsia (Serville).
The description of M. mutzlata is so incomplete that it is difficult to compare the insect with others without having specimens at hand for the purpose. Even Mr. Malcolm Burr does not seem to have decided definitely anything about it, since he has left Mf. mutilata out of his table for separating the species of the genus, although on p. 8 of his ‘ Essai’ he has referred it to Masyntes. |
[MORSEA, Scudder. Morsea, Scudder, Psyche, viii. p. 179 (1898) ; Burr, Essai sur les Kumastacides, p. 63 (1899).
Morsea, as indicated by the above table for the separation of the genera, approaches most closely to Masyntes, which is found in Cuba and over a considerable portion of Tropical South America. It differs from that genus, however, in having shorter legs, and in the spines of the inner side of the hind tibie being equal, instead of alternately long and short. From pisactus, Brunner, which also has the sulcus of the vertex separated from that of the frontal costa by a transverse ridge, it may be known by the basal joint of the hind tarsi being smooth above, instead of toothed. ‘Thus far, but a single species has been recorded.
MORSEA. 25
1. Morsea californica, Scudder. Morsea californica, Scudd. Psyche, viii. p. 179 (1898); Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 64 (1899). | | Hab. Unrrep States, Cahon Pass, Southern California, and Mt. Wilson, Altadina, near Los Angeles, California (Morse). |
Subfam. TRYXALINA*.
This subfamily of short-horned grasshoppers or locusts is exceedingly well represented in the region embraced between the United States and the Isthmus of Panama, In studying the material that has been brought together for this purpose, along with such literature as deals with other forms inhabiting the district, it is found that upwards of forty genera and about one hundred species are to be considered. The study of such a large number of forms permits the writer, in a measure at least, to revise some of the recent work of others, since intermediate forms have been found which show better the relationships and location of certain genera that heretofore seemed obscure or uncertain. A few South-American genera have been found to occur within our North-American faunal areas, while several entirely new ones are now added.
Many of the forms characterized by Saussure and Walker were so inadequately described that their recognition is rather uncertain. Especially is this true as regards Walker's species belonging to genera like Orphulelia and its allies, where the specific differences are slight, and where the characters used to separate them differ from those mentioned when they were first characterized. In Saussure’s case, however, the difficulty has been removed in a measure, since a number of the types are at hand for comparison.
* Principal works referred to for this subfamily :—
Bruner, L., A Brief Account-of the Genera and Species of Locusts or Grasshoppers of Argentina, together with Descriptions of new Forms, pp. 21-42 (1900).
Brunner v. WarrenwV¥1, C., Révision du Systéme des Orthoptéres, pp. 117-123 (1893).
Gretr0-Tos, E., Bollettino dei Musei di Zool. ed Anat. comp. di Torino, no. 184, vol. ix. (1894).
McNett, Jerome, Revision of the Truxaline of North America (1897).
Saussure, Henri vg, Rev. et Mag. Zool. vol. xiii. (1861).
Scupper, 8. H., “A Preliminary Classification of the Tryxaline of the United States and Canada,” Psyche, vol. viii. pp. 281-239 (July, 1898).
Scuppgr, 8. H., “Studies of N, A. Tryxaline,” Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, vol. xxxv. pp. 42-57 (Aug. 1899). . ; .
Scupper, 8. H., “The North-American Species of Orphulella,” Canad, Ent. vol. xxxi. pp. 177-188 (1899).
Sréz, C., Recensio Orthopt. i. pp. 87-94 (1878).
Sr&z, C., Observations Orthoptérologiques, ii. pp. 41-43 (1876).
Waxxer, Francis, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. (1870).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL., January 1902. EE
26 ORTHOPTERA.
Synopsis of the Genera.
A. Foveole of the vertex invisible from above or wanting, their plane forming a right or acute angle with the plane of the fastigium ; face, as a rule, much more oblique than in the alternate category.
b. Sides of the fastigium strongly rounded, the apex not acuminate; antenne ensiform; tegmina acuminate or angulate at base; apical angles of posterior femora hori- zontally produced, acuminate.
c. Fastigium of the vertex greatly produced, as long as or longer than the eye, its sides on the basal half subparallel ; face excessively oblique, the eyes nearly longitudinal.
d. Foveole of the vertex absent; tegmina much abbre- viated, spines on outer margin of hind tibiae numerous, about 25; subgenital plate of male abdomen greatly lengthened. . . 2. . 2 1. hh) «Rerapinotarum, MeNeill.
dd, Foveole of the vertex narrow, elongate ; tegmina passing
the tip of abdomen ; spines on outer margin of hind tibiz less numerous, about 16; subgenital plate of male abdomen only moderately elongate . . . . . AcHuruM, Saussure. ce. Fastigium of the vertex subtriangular, not greatly pro- duced, distinctly shorter than the eyes, the sides converg- ing from the base ; face less oblique, the eyes distinctly
oblique. d. Larger, general colour green . . . . . . . . +. Meraeprea, Brunner. dd. Smaller, general colour testaceous or ferruginous. . . [OrpHuLA, Stal.]
66. Sides of the fastigium straight or but gently rounded, the apex more or less acuminate, tegmina apically rounded or obliquely truncate; apical angles of posterior femora roundly deflexed.
ce. Hind tibize armed with numerous spines on outer margin, numbering 12-20, usually 16-20.
d. Antennz long and ensiform ; prosternum with a distinct tubercle; lateral carinz of pronotum wanting or deve- loped, diverging but little when present.
e. Lateral carine present; hind tibie with 18-20 spines
Inouterrow . . . . . 1 1. e .) ) Mernrrrsa, Stal. ee. Lateral carinz wanting; hind tibie with 12-15 spines iInouterrow . . . .. . . . . « . . « Paropomara, Scudder *.
dd. Antenne shorter, filiform or more or less flattened
* Scudder places this genus in the subfamily Acridiing, close to Leptysma ; but, according to the writer’s judgment, it should be included with the Tryxaline. For a further discussion of the matter, vide wfra.
TRYXALINZ.
basally; prosternum without tubercle ; lateral carine well developed, considerably diverging posteriorly.
e. Fastigium of the vertex acuminate, without longitudinal carina; tegmina considerably surpassing tip of abdo- men, without regular transverse veins in discal area and on costal margin; antennz with the basal joints depressed . . . 1... ee + + ss «~~ Papacoa, Bruner.
ee. Fastigium of the vertex somewhat obtuse, with longi-
tudinal carina; tegmina but little surpassing tip of
abdomen, with regular transverse veins in discal area
and on costal margin; antenne filiform, but little flattened basally . . . . 2). 2. . . | «© . Syrpuna, Stal.
ec, Hind tibie armed with fewer spines on outer margin, rarely
numbering as many as 15, usually only 10-12.
d. Radial veins in apical third of wing (¢) normal, not constricted nor especially incrassate, the discoidal field _ not fenestrate.
e. Head usually more or less conical, ascending, sometimes strongly; eyes generally prominent ; upper portion of the frontal costa produced so that the front when seen laterally is more or less sinuate or angulately bent inward at the ocellus; wings usually banded or highly coloured. (AcROLOPHITI.)
f. Head, when viewed laterally, strongly ascending ; face below ocellus subperpendicular ; antennz more than half as long as the tegmina; metazona dis- tinctly elevated above the prozona, tumid or crested. g. Metazona much longer than prozona, with an elevated but tumid crest . . . . . . . . AcRoLopHitus, Thomas. gg. Metazona but little longer than prozona, tumid, but with only a slight carina . . . . . . . Acrocara, Scudder. ff. Head, when viewed from the side, with scarcely ascending vertex; face below ocellus distinctly though not greatly oblique; antennz less than half | as long as tegmina ; metazona not or barely elevated above the prozona, feebly tumid at most. g. Antenne much longer than the face; lower margin of lateral lobes of pronotum anteriorly excised, broadly exposing the pleura; basal half of tegmina rather densely reticulate, the intercalary vein obscure. . . . . .. se « + « « « Macua#gocera, Saussure. gg. Antenne shorter than the face; lower margin of lateral lobes of pronotum nearly horizontal throughout, scarcely exposing the pleura; only
Er 2
28 ORTHOPTERA.
the extreme base of the tegmina densely reticu-
late, the intercalary vein distinct . . . . . Gymnes, Scudder.
ee. Head obscurely or not at all conical ; never, unless very feebly, ascending; eyes seldom prominent; face as seen from the side straight throughout or uniformly rounded, never angularly bent inward at the ocellus ;
wings, as a rule, clear or apically faintly fuliginous. f. Head somewhat ascending; antenne of very unequal length in the two sexes; pronotum with no lateral carine, the median carina obsolete on the prozona ; scapular area of ¢ tegmina conspicuously expanded so as to make the costal margin sinuate . Jf. Head generally salient, rarely at all ascending; antennz subequal in the two sexes; scapular area
of g tegmina slightly or not at all expanded.
g. Antenne distinctly flattened (save in Ambdlytro- pidia), generally rather short ; fastigium of vertex usually rounded and without distinct lateral costulation, or, if distinct, then with a distinct median carina, generally continuing over the occiput, where it is sometimes accompanied by a pair of submedian carine; face rather strongly oblique; lateral carine of pronotum usually parallel, sometimes converging mesially but without any or only the faintest constriction of the body of the pronotum.
h, Disk of pronotum more or less clepsydral, the lateral carinz converging near the middle. zt. Apical spurs on inner side of hind tibie very unequal in length. | j. Antenne apically clavate; lateral carine of pronotum subparallel; tegmina generally as long asthe abdomen . . . ... . jj. Antenne apically attenuate, though blunt; lateral carine of pronotum cons:derably arcuate; tegmina abbreviate. k. Hind margin of pronotum angulate or rotundo -angulate; prozona but little longer than metazona. . . . 1 hh. Disk of pronotum equal or subequal, the lateral carine being strictly parallel or diverging only (and slightly) on the metazona. 2. Scapular area of tegmina in both sexes some- what dilated, subhyaline, regularly areolate with oblique veinlets.
. Boorertix, Bruner.
. Eritetrix, Bruner.
SS UGh eee a ine a oe ce os ce
Mesocutoa, Scudder.
TRYXALIN A.
Jj. Antenne nearly or quite as long as hind femora, somewhat flattened at the base; lateral carine of pronotum wanting, the supple- mental carine present . . . oo
jj- Antenne much shorter than hind femora, filiform or gently ensiform ; lateral carinz present, the supplemental carine sometimes wanting.
k. Antenne feebly clavate in ¢, depressed but not basally expanded in 9; supple- mental subdorsal carinze on pronotum present; tegmina and wings complete
kk. Antenne apically acuminate in 3, basally
expanded so as to be subensiform in 9;
no supplementary carine on pronotum;
tegmina and wings usually abbreviated
i. Scapular area of tegmina in both sexes not at
all dilated, and of the same density as the other areas. .
gg. Antenne but little or not at all flattened, filiform,
generally long; fastigium more or less excavate,
or, if rotundate, with distinct lateral costulation ;
no median carina on the head unless the fastigium
Ocnrotertix, Bruner.
. Ampuitornus, McNeill.
- Opgra, McNeill.
. AMBLYTROPIDIA, Stal.
is deeply sunken, with high margins; no supple- |
mentary carinz ; face usually subvertical ; lateral caring of the pronotum strongly converging mesially, the pronotum being constricted mesi- ally. (PHLiBostroM2.)
h. Face quite strongly oblique; eyes oblique; scapular area of tegmina in both sexes broader apically than basally ; prozona much longer than metazona, the latter subtruncate posteriorly .
hh. Face subperpendicular; eyes subvertical; sca-
-pular area of tegmina in both sexes broader
basally than apically; prozona and metazona of
subequal length, the latter angulate posteriorly.
7. Antenne much longer than head and pronotum
together ; no median carina on head, except
sometimes posteriorly ; interspace between the
eyes as broad as the narrowest part of pronotal
disk ; longest hind tibial spur scarcely longer
than last tarsaljoint . . . . 2...
dd. Radial veins in apical third of wings of ¢ incrassate and constricted, the discoidal field fenestrate.
e. Antenne relatively short, at most but little longer than
Apa, Brunner.
PuurpostromMa, Scudder.
29.
30 | ORTHOPTERA.
the head and pronotum together; fastigium of the vertex without a median carina; scapular area of the tegmina not specially dilated.
f. Tegmina obliquely truncate at apex.
g. Sides of the vertex more or less evenly rounded, so as to render the fastigium blunt rather than angulate; lateral foveolz very obscure; antenne basally much depressed in both sexes, ensiform ; lateral carine of pronotum straight or but gently diverging posteriorly . .. . . . . LOrpuuta, Stal *.]
gg. Sides of vertex straight, rendering the fastiginm angulate ; lateral foveole more or less evident,
linear to sublinear; antenne basally less de-
pressed, scarcely ensiform even in the female;
lateral carinze of pronotum considerably diverging
posteriorly. . . .. . . . . . . » Tayripriton, Bruner.
jf. Tegmina more or less evenly rounded at apex.
g- Lateral carine of pronotum less prominent than the median, more or less divergent, especially on metazona; prozona and metazona about equal in length; the lateral lobes deeper than long.
h. Lateral carine nearly or quite as well developed on the prozona as on the metazona; eyes more or less truncate anteriorly.
i. Antenne longer, somewhat exceeding the com- bined length of head and pronotum, filiform ; the apical half or two-thirds (?) of tegmina membranous; wings usually more or less coloured and decidedly infuscated.
j. Tegmina rather broad; wings more or less evenly tinged with yellow or orange on basal portion, apically infuscated. Pro- and meta- zona of pronotum of equal length? . . . Sisanrum, Bruner.
jj. Tegmina narrow; wings fuscous, the anterior
margin apically black-bordered, Pronotum with the prozona a little longer than the metazona. . .... . - . » Onpnutina, Giglio-Tos. ii. Antenne shorter, but little or not at all exceed- ing the combined length of the head and pronotum ; the apical third only of tegmina membranous ; wings clear or but little infus- cated.
* This genus does not appear to be represented in that portion of America covered by this work, but is introduced here to show its relationships. I cannot agree with Scudder and others as to the position occupied by it (see my paper on ‘ Locusts of Argentina”; also anted, p. 26),
TRYXALIN ZA.
j. Posterior tibiee with fewer (10-11) spines in outer row; tegmina without a decided humeral vitta; eyes of median size, some- what bulging Loe
Jj. Posterior tibiz with more (13-14) spines in outer row; tegmina with a decided humeral vitta; eyes rather large, but feebly bulging.
hh. Lateral carine but feebly developed on the prozona when compared with those on the metazona; eyes subglobular, large . . .
99. Lateral carine of pronotum quite or nearly as
prominent as the median, straight or but little
divergent posteriorly; the prozona decidedly longer than the metazona; the lateral lobes fully as long as, or longer than, deep.
h. Lateral lobes of pronotum slightly tumid in descending by the obliquity of the upper portion ; the lateral carine very gently divergent on meta- zona; discoidal field of wings of ¢ distinctly narrowing apically. . . . ee
hh. Lateral lobes of pronotum plane, vertical ; lateral
carine parallel on metazona as on prozona;
discoidal field of wings of ¢ hardly narrowing
apically . . . . . se eee
ee. Antenne long, about or more than half as long again
as head and pronotum together ; fastigium of vertex furnished with a distinct median carina.
f. Scapular area of tegmina not broad and not regularly reticulate with oblique veins; anterior portion of wing of ¢ broadly and regularly fenestrate (remind- ing one of the elytron of a male Gicanthus) ; spines on outer edge of hind tibiz about ten in number
Jf. Scapular area of tegmina rather broad and regularly reticulate with oblique veins ; wings of ¢ somewhat aborted, the anterior portion not fenestrate; spines on outer edge of hind tibiz about 14 in number
AA. Foveole of the vertex always present, visible from above, their plane forming an obtuse angle with the plane of the fastigium; face usually more nearly vertical than in the alternate category. 6. Tegmina with ill-formed intercalary vein.
c. Inner apical spurs of hind tibize subequal in length ; apical portion of scapular field of J tegmina (and sometimes the adjoining parts) so dilated that the broadest part of the tegmina lies beyond the middle.
3L
. OrnPHULELLA, Giglio-Tos.
PaRACHLOEBATA, Saussure (MS.).
. Linoceratium, Bruner.
. CLINocePHatus, Morse,
DicnromorpnHa, Morse.
. PHaneroruris, Saussure (MS.).
. CuLo£attis, Harris.
os bo
ORTHOPTERA.
d. Antenne not apically clavate. e. Face considerably oblique, straight or but little rounded ; lateral foveole of vertex linear or trian- gular; lateral lobes of pronotum longer than or fully as long as deep. f. Fastigium with a distinct percurrent median carina ; antennz, at least in female, depressed and more or less expanded basally. g. Antenne much expanded basally, tapering ; lateral carine of pronotum subparallel, the disk sub- rectangular. . . . . . Napara, McNeill. gg» Antenne feebly expanded “basally, " subfiliform ; lateral carine of pronotum strongly sinuate, the disk clepsydral. fh. Tegmina and wings fully developed, reaching beyond tip of abdomen; antennz much shorter than hind femora; longitudinal carine of fasti- gium continued upon the occiput; eyes piriform, not prominent .. . . . . . + Horegsrporss, Scudder. hh. Tegmina much abbreviated, scarcely half as long as abdomen; antenne nearly or quite as long as hind femora; longitudinal carinz of fastigium not continued upon the occiput; eyes subglo- bular, prominent . . .. . . . . . « Muvanorerrrx, Bruner. jf. Fastigium with no median carina, but at most a coloured line, except sometimes iu the extreme an- terior portion; antenne filiform, the basal joints neither expanded nor greatly depressed in either sex. Srenosorurvs, Fischer. ee. Face little oblique, strongly rounded ; lateral foveolz of vertex moderately wide, never more than twice as long as broad; lateral lobes of pronotum deeper than long. dd. Antenne apically clavate. . . . . . . . « « . GompHocerus, Thunberg. cc. Inner apical spurs of hind tibiew usually very unequal in length, the inferior twice or nearly twice as long as the
superior; apical portion of scapular field of ¢ tegmina but little dilated, so that the broadest part of the tegmina hes at the middle. (ScyLiin2.) d. Median carina of pronotum as distinct on prozona as on metazona, cut only by the principal sulcus. e. Fastigium of the vertex without or with suppressed. lateral ridges; the head usually large and lacking sharp carine; tegmina and wings never complete: insects rather large, above the average in size. . . Bodpepon, Thomas. ee, Fastigium of the vertex with distinct lateral ridges ;
TRYXALINZ.
the head variable, but never so smooth as in the preceding forms: insects of moderate or small size (except Plectrotettiz). f. Eyes elongate, nearly twice as long as broad ; frontal costa broad, advanced in front of the eyes by more than half the shorter diameter of the latter; tegmina with definite pantherine pattern. . . . . . . Precrrorettix, McNeill. Jf. Eyes suborbicular, much less than half as high again as broad, frontal costa not prominent, advanced in front of the eyes by less than half the shorter diameter of latter; tegmina irregularly and obscurely flecked. g. Pronotum subtruncate posteriorly, the prozona much longer than the metazona; tegmina and wings abbreviate. h. Head unusually large; pronotum much con- stricted in middle, the lateral carine well developed. . . . . . . . . . . © | Evupnicopss, McNeill. hh. Head not unusually large; the pronotum but little constricted in middle, the lateral carinze almost obliterated . . . . . . . « . . Gapara, Bruner. gg. Pronotum more or less angulate posteriorly, the prozona and metazona equal or subequal ; tegmina and wings fully developed. h. Pronotum constricted in the middle, the prozona slightly the shorter ; lateral carinz percurrent, more or less divergent in front and strongly divergent behind. | i. Foveole of vertex visible from above only on the inner half; lateral carinz of pronotum anteriorly but little or at least not strongly divergent, being gently arcuate on the pro- zona; lateral lobes of prozona feebly or not marked above the middle with obliquely dis- posed short lunate carinules. . . . . Psotorssa, Scudder. . Foveole of vertex visible from above throughout their length ; lateral carinze of pronotum very strongly divergent in front as well as behind, being strongly bent-arcuate on the prozona; lateral lobes of prozona more or less con- spicuously mugose-carinale obliquely above the middle. . .. . ee . SrrrapLevra, Scudder. Ah. Pronotum not constricted in the middle, ‘the prozona slightly the longer; lateral carine obsolete on the prozona, moderately divergent | behind. . . . . . AGENEOTETTIX, McNeill.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL, “January 1904. Fr
os. Os
34 ORTHOPTERA.
dd, Median carina subobsolete posteriorly on the prozona, cut by its sulci, as well as by the principal sulcus . . AuvLocara, Scudder. 6b. Tegmina with distinct intercalary vein, which is slender and intermediate between the radial and ulnar veins; mediastinal veins of ¢ short, not reaching middle of tegmina, the scapular area beyond it dilated, scalariform- veined ; median carina of pronotum distinct, sharp. . . Ligurotertix, McNeill.
RHADINOTATUM, McNeill. Tryzxalis, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 58, tab. fig. 12 (1873). Achurum, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. p. 865 (1875) ; Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 88 (1877). Rhadinotatum, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 200, 201 (1897).
1. Rhadinotatum brevipenne, Thomas. Tryzxalis brevipennis, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 58, tab. fig. 12 (1878) °. Achurum brevipenne, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 88 (1877) ” Rhadinotatum brevipenne, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 200, 201, t. 1. figg. 1 a, 18, (1897) *. Hab. Nortu America, Florida !~?.—Mexico, Orizaba.
This insect is included here on the authority of a record made at the time when several nymphs and a single male specimen were captured in the vicinity of Orizaba, Mexico, by the present writer, in 1887. It was seen again in 1893, at the same place, by Herbert Osborn, of the University of Ohio. The examples collected by myself cannot now be found. The species has been repeatedly met with in Florida.
ACHURUM, Saussure.
Truxalis (Achurum), Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 313; Orthopt. Nova Amer. ii. p. 16 (1861).
Achurum, Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 518 (1870) ; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 89 (1873) ; Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 118 (1898). |
This genus is represented by two recognized species, which may be separated thus :—
a. Disc of dorsum of pronotum alutaceo-rugose . . » . « « IL. sumichrasti, Sauss. b. Disc of pronotum with the front and hind lobes obsoletely punctate. . 2. acridodes, Stal.
1, Achurum sumichrasti, Sauss. (Tab. I. fig. 6, ¢.)
Trucalis (Achurum) sumichrasti, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 313; Orthopt. Nova Amer. u. p. 16°.
Achurum sumichrasti, Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 518°.
[waa |
ACHURUM.—TRUXALIS. 3:
Hab. Norra America, Fort Grant, Arizona (coll. Bruner: 3 @ ).—Mexico 12, Chil- pancingo and Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 3 2), Guadalajara (Schumann: ¢ ), Vera Cruz (Sallé, in coll. Scudder: 3), Orizaba.
Saussure’s type is a male.
2. Achurum acridodes, Stal.
Truzxalis acridodes, Stal, fv. Vet.-Akad. Férh. xxx. 4, p. 52 (1873)’.
Achurum acridodes, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 101 (1873); Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. p. 865 (1875) ’.
Hab. Mexico},
Whether or not this species is distinct from the preceding remains to be seen. ‘The collections contain no specimens that cannot be referred to A. swmichrasti.
TRUXALIS, Fabricius *. Truxalis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 279 (1775) (part.); Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 606 (1838) (part.) ; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 92 (1873) ; Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 825 (1&96). Metaleptea, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 118 (1893).
This genus of locusts is confined to the American continent, where it is very widely distributed. Specimens are before me from localities as far north in the United States as the great lakes, and from as far south as the Rio Colorado in Argentina. ‘The variation in the general appearance among individual specimens found in different localities is evident. from tbe number of specific names that have been proposed by various writers. Whether there is sufficient grounds for separating these dissimilar forms inhabiting widely separated localities is a question which I am not prepared to answer at present; it may be stated, however, that recent writers have referred them to one species. The following rather extensive synonymy will show the confusion which has existed in the past with reference to the representatives of this
genus as here limited.
1. Truxalis brevicornis, Linn.
Gryllus brevicornis, Linn. Cent. Ins. Rar. p. 15 (1763)*; Ameen. Acad. vi. p. 398 (1768) ?; Syst. Nat. 12th ed. ii. p. 692 (1767) *; Turt. Syst. Nat. Linn. ii. p. 542 (1806) *.
Truxalis brevicornis, Fabr. Syst. Eut. p. 279 (1775) ° ; Thunb. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. v. p. 264 (1815) °; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 104 (1873) ”.
Tryxalis brevicornis, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 607 (1888) °; Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 325 (1896) ° ; Scudder, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. p. 19 (1900) ».
Pyrgomorpha brevicornis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 68 (1873) ".
Metaleptea brevicornis, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Univ. Tor. xii. no. 301, p. 1 (1897); Bruner, Sec. Rep. Merchant’s Locust Invest. Comm. B. A. p. 23 (1900).
* The characters of this genus are given in the Synopsis (anted, p. 26) under the name Metaleptea, FF 2
36 . ORTHOPTERA.
Acridium ensicornum, De Geer, Mém. Ins. p. 449, t. 42. figg. 1, 2 (1778) *; Goeze, in De Geer’s Gesch. Ths. iii. p. 325, t. 42. fig. 7 (1780) *.
Opsomala punctipennis, Serv. Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt. p. 590 (1838) *°; Thomas, Trans. State Agr. Soc. Illinois, p. 447 (1865).
Opomala punctipennis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 197 (1878) ™.
Pyrgomorpha punctipennis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 68 (1873) ”.
Truzxalis notochlora, Pal. de Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amér. p. 80, t. 3. fig. 3 (1807) ”.
Metaleptea (Tryxalis) notochloris, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. lowa, iii. t. 8. fig. 63 (1895) *.
Truxalis viridula, Pal. de Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amér. p. 81, t. 3. fig. 4 (1807) ”.
Truxalis adspersa, Blanch. Voyage dans l’Amér. Mérid. vi. 2, p. 216, t. 27. fig. 2 (1837-1843) *.
Oxycoryphus burkhartianus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 815%; Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 786 (1870) * ; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 202 (1878) *.
Hab. Norta America, United States 14 !©—Mexico 74, Minas Viejas (Dr. Palmer, coll. Scudder), Orizaba (H. H. Smith, Godman), Atoyac, Teapa (#1. H. Smith), Jalapa and San Rafael in Vera Cruz (Barrett & Townsend, in coll. Bruner); Nicaracva (Shimek, coll. Bruner), Chontales (coll. Scudder); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers), Puerto Limon (Crawford & Carriker, coll. Bruner).—Co.ompia; British Guiana; Braziu ; Paraguay; ARGENTINA; ANTILLES, San Domingo ”° 22,
Besides these records, there are numerous others which indicate that the insect is well distributed over the various countries of both North and South America lying between the latitudes of 40° on either side of the Equator, but more especially eastward.
There are many specimens of it in my own collection and in that of the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburg. The type of O. burkhartianus, Sauss., is before me as I write, and it simply bears the label ‘“‘ Mexique.”
[ACANTHERUS, Scudder. Acantherus, Scudder, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. pp. 22, 28 (1902). _
Since the synopsis of genera (anted, pp. 26-34) was prepared, an additional genus belonging to the Tryxaline has come to light. It was described by Samuel H. Scudder in a treatise on “‘ New Mexican Orthoptera.” As the insect upon which it is based occurs in a region quite close to the southern boundary of New Mexico, where many other Mexican locusts are found, it seems best to include it here. Scudder’s descriptions of both genus and species are given below *. |
* ACANTHERUS, Scudder.
‘‘ Body rather elongate, compressed. Head shorter than the pronotum, a little protuberant, feebly ascending, broader below than above, apically blunt ; vertex nearly plane, the fastigium brief, roundly subtriangular, projecting less than its width beyond the eyes, without distinct median carina; eyes moderate, elongate- elliptical, subvertical, slightly less oblique than the face; frontal costa very narrow, rather prominent,
MERMIRIA. 37
MERMIRIA, Stal. Mermiria, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 102 (1873).
The insects which have been separated from the remainder of the Tryxaline under the generic name Mermiria, Stal, are among the most conspicuous North-American locusts. They occur chiefly in the arid portions of Northern Mexico and the adjoining regions of the United States. Several species, however, are much more widely distributed, and frequent localities as far distant as the New England States and even the adjoining Canadian territory. Most of them are partial to open country, where they make their homes among bunch grasses, although two or three of them also occur in sparsely timbered districts. They prefer sandy hill-sides and knolls to flat country, and become much more plentiful on grounds that have not been burnt over for several years. Most of the species are variable in colour, but their structural features are more permanent.
feebly broadening below, straight when viewed obliquely; lateral foveole invisible from above, very broad triangular, rather obscure, the apex of the triangle in the middle above; antenne half as long as the tegmina, depressed, triquetral, at least basally, slender throughout and uniformly tapering. Pronotum rather long, the dorsum nearly plane, the lateral lobes nearly vertical, the median carina distinct but slight, the lateral carinee forming rounded shoulders, subparallel and not very distant on the prozona, gently divergent on the metazona; prozona distinctly longer than the metazona ; lateral lobes a little inflexed above, longer than high, the front and hind margins subparallel in lower half. Prosternum with a transverse quadrangular blunt boss ; mesosternal lobes separated by a quadrate space considerably narrower than the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes by a space half as wide. Tegmina and wings reaching the tip of the abdomen, both slender, the latter unusually so. Hind legs slender, the femora reaching the tip of the abdomen, the tibia with about fifteen spines on outer row.”
1. Acantherus piperatus, Scudder. Acantherus piperatus, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 23, t. 3. fig. 37.
“Dark cinereo-fuscous, from blackish markings on a testaceous ground. Head reddish testaceous, almost wholly overlaid with black longitudinal markings, on the summit broken into points, except for a rather broad median stripe; frontal costa as narrow above as the basal joint of the uniformly luteous antennw, feebly sulcate below. Pronotum testaceous above, reddish testaceous on lateral lobes, heavily sprinkled with black puncta above, wanting on a narrow stripe bordering the lateral carine, heavily striped or clouded with blackish on the lateral lobes, especially above, and also punctate, the lateral carine faintly divergent in front, the front margin faintly, the hind margin slightly, convex. Tegmina flecked with fuscous, pretty uniformly and rather sparsely and slightly infuscated on basal fourth, the anal area subcinereous, flecked with fuscous ; wings pellucid, growing gradually infuscated in distal half, the base faintly tinged with greenish. Hind femora dull testaceous, more or less infuscated, especially above, with three broad clouds, the outer two separated by a pregenicular, broad, dull, luteous annulus; hind tibiee with a similar but narrower and clearer postgenicular annulus breaking the black proximal half, the distal half orange-red, the spines black, except basally.”
Length of body 33, of antenne 12:5, of tegmina 25, of hind femora 19, of hind tibie 17°5 millim.
Hab. Norra America, La Cueva, Organ Mts. (Townsend ').
Two females.
38 ORTHOPTERA.
Table for separating the Species of Mermiria.
A’. Head shorter than pronotum, or, if (rarely) as long, then the greatest width of the fastigium is greater than its length beyond the narrowest part of the vertex; last ventral segment of male bluntly acuminate. b’. Fastigium less prominent and blunter, its greatest breadth being considerably greater than its length beyond the nar- rowest part of the vertex, especially in the female. c', Stouter, the hind femora shorter, not reaching the tips of the tegmina in the female ; disc of pronotum, in female, hardly or not more than twice as long as the greatest breadth ; head with a broad occipital fuscous band . . . More slender, the hind femora longer, reaching the tips of the tegmina in the female; disc of pronotum distinctly, generally much, more than twice as long as the greatest breadth. d', Tegmina distinctly maculate in both sexes; hind femora, both externally and internally, with indications of dusky bands ; occiput provided with a narrow fuscous band .
d’. Tegmina immaculate; hind femora without dusky bands; occiput lacking the fuscous band . .
_ 6°, Fastigium of the vertex more prominent and angulate, its greatest breadth being scarcely greater, even in the female, than its length beyond the narrowest part of the vertex ; disc of pronotum considerably more than twice as long as the greatest breadth . . . woe ee ee ee
A’. Head as long as pronotum; fastigium at least as long beyond
the narrowest part of the vertex as its extreme breadth, semi-
elliptical, the sides converging with a well-rounded curve, the tip broadly rounded; last ventral segment of male more pro-
duced and somewhat acutely acuminate. . . .. .
l. ¢evana, Bruner.
[2. maculipennis, Bruner. |
[3. bivittata, Serv.]
4. intertexta, Scudd.
5. neo-mexicana, Thom.
1. Mermiria texana, Bruner. (Tab. I. figg. 19,194, 2.) Mermiria texana, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 58, 54, t. 1. fig. 11 (1890) +; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 206 (1897) *; Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sciences, xxxv.
p. 42 (1899) °.
Hab. Nortu America, Colorado, New Mexico, Fort Grant in Arizona ?, and El Paso in Texas 1.—Mexico, Montelovez in Coahuila (col/. Scudder), Villa Lerdo in Durango !
(coll. Bruner).
Not represented in the ‘ Biologia’ Collection.
MERMIRIA.—PAROPOMALA. 39
(2. Mermiria maculipennis, Bruner. (Tab. I. fig. 9, ¢.)
Mermiria maculipennis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 54, 55 (1890) '.
Mermiria bivittata, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sciences, xxxv. p. 42 (1899)’; Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. p. 19 (1890) *.
Hab. Norra America, Carrizo Springs, Dimmit County, and San Antonio, both in Texas !~3 (colls. L. Bruner and of U.S. National Museum). |
[3. Mermiria bivittata, Serv.
Opsomala bivittata, Serv. Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt. p. 589 1889) *; Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 507 (1870) *.
Acridium bivittatum, de Haan, Bijdr. Kenntn. Orthopt. p. 143 (1842).°.
Opomala bivittata, Thomas, Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. v. p. 447 (1865)*; Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p- 65, fig. 16 (1873) °; Scudd. Final Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p. 250 (1872) °.
Mermiria bivittata, Scudd. “Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. pp. 30, 31 (1877) 7; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sciences, xxxv. p. 42 (1899) °.
Hab. Nortu America!~®, Las Cruces (Townsend), Mesilla (Morse), Arizona and New Mexico (Scudder * 8), Texas (Scudder 78, Bruner).
These records, together with the wide known range of the species, are sufficient evidence to indicate that it is present in portions of Northern Mexico. ]|
4. Mermiria intertexta, Scudd. Mermiria intertexta, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sciences, xxxv. pp. 42, 43 (1899) *.
Hab. NortH America, Eagle Pass, Texas, on the border of Mexico}.
5. Mermiria neo-mexicana, Thomas.
Opomala neomexicana, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1870, pp. 77, 78 (1870)'; Glover, Iilustr. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 16. fig. 10 (1874) ”.
Mermiria neomezicana, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 262 (1876) °; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 206, 207 (1897) *.
Mermiria belfragei, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 102 (1873) °; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. pp. 866, 900 (1875)°; Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sciences, xxxv. p. 43 (1899) ”. |
Hab. Nortu America, New Mexico and Texas !~‘.—Mexico, Villa Lerdo in Durango (Bruner).
A specimen taken by the present writer at Villa Lerdo, during the autumn of 1887, but not now in his possession, was determined as this species.
PAROPOMALA, Scudder. Paropomala, Scudder, Psyche, viii. p. 437 (1899).
General form cylindrical. Head moderately long, the face receding ; vertex between the eyes nearly as broad as their shortest diameter; plane of lateral foveole depressed but vertical; eyes regularly elliptical,
40) ORTHOPTERA.
almost or quite as rounded above as below, broadest at middle; pronotum well rounded above, without lateral carine, or, at most, present only in the males of some species as feeble angles on the hind lobes. Tegmina narrow, straight, with few veins and cross-veins, the apex broadly rounded, somewhat abbre- viated in some species and longer than the abdomen in others. Front and middle legs short and slender ; hind femora varying from slender to moderately heavy, usually shorter than the abdomen in both sexes ; hind tibie armed with from 12 to 15 spines in the outer row.
The species which belong to the region under consideration can be separated as follows :— Table for separating the Species of Paropomala.
A’. Tegmina not reaching the tip of the abdomen or even the tip of the hind femora; subgenital plate of male elongate, half as long again as the last ventral segment. Colour green or pallid Loe [1. calamus, Scudd. |
A®. Tegmina surpassing the hind femora, generally reaching the tip of the abdomen, and in some cases surpassing it. Subgenital plate of male (at least in the species where known) not very long, no longer than the ventral segment. Colour variable.
6’. General form robust. Posterior lateral edges of pronotum decidedly roundly produced below. Occiput without a median carina. Pre- vailing colour greenish woe ee ee [2. pallida, sp. n.|
b*. General form more slender. Occiput provided with a median carina. Lower lateral edges of pronotum straight or nearly so. Prevailing colour testaceous, but varied with brown and white.
c’. Head rather large, its length about equalling that of the pronotum. Lateral dark and light bands of equal length . . . . . . . 38. dissimilis, sp. n.
c*. Head of moderate size, its length considerably less than that of the pronotum. Lateral bands of unequal width, the darker one
being the narrower. . 2 . . 1 1. . 1 ww www LA virgata, Seudd.]
[1. Paropomala calamus, Scudd. Paropomala calamus, Scudd. Psyche, viii. p. 487 (1899) '.
Hab. Norta Amurica, Lancaster, California (Morse 1).
Included here on account of the similarity of the faunas of Northern Mexico and Southern California. |
[2. Paropomala pallida, sp. n.
A rather robust form, when compared with the other species of the genus. Of a pale green colour throughout, except along the lower half of the sides of the pronotum and pleura of meso- and metathorax, where there is an indication of the usual paler streak.
Head as broad as the front edge of the pronotum, slightly ascending; the fastigium above deeply sulcate at the sides and in front, at which latter point there is an indication of a short median carina; lateral foveole arcuate, linear, profound; frontal costa deeply and broadly sulcate, its sides parallel to the ocellus, gently expanding below; antenne ensiform, rather deeply depressed above and equally strongly carinate below. Pronotum of equal width in front and behind, gently contracted in the middle, the hind lobe of the dorsum slightly elevated, and finely granulate, broadly rounded on the posterior margin ; sides nearly perpendicular, the lower posterior portion with a short, broad, downward projecting lobe ;
PAROPOMALA. 41
two nearly equal transverse sulci crossing the dorsal surface, the posterior one situated a little behind the middle; median carina slight, but visible throughout. Prosternum with scarcely any indication of protuberance or spine. Tegmina of moderate width, extending a little beyond the apex of the abdomen. Front and middle legs short and slender, the hind femora moderately stout, about four-fifths the length of the abdomen ; hind tibie provided with 12 spines in the outer row.
Length of body, 9 , 35, of antenne 11, of pronotum 6, of tegmina 25-5, of hind femora 16 millim.
Hab. Norta Amurica, Indio, California (Wickham).
Three females. This appears to be the largest and most robust species of the genus thus far discovered, and, judging from its greenish colour, probably frequents lower ground than do its allies that live in places where the vegetation is normally somewhat short and dry. |
3. Paropomala dissimilis, sp. n.
Very like P. virgata, Scudd., but larger and with the colours more decided. Head slightly wider than the front edge of the pronotum, about as long as the prothorax, and provided with a well-defined carina-that begins at the front edge of the vertex and extends backwards over the middle of the occiput to the front edge of the pronotum; pronotum gently constricted in the middle, the median carina linear but distinct, severed by two transverse sulci, the lower lateral edges feebly produced, much less so than in P. pallida. Tegmina reaching the tip of the abdomen.
General colour pale testaceous above, lighter below, with a dark brown longitudinal stripe reaching from the middle of the back edges of the eyes to a point just above the insertion of the hind femora; below this dark band there is one of equal width and length, which is white. Tegmina with the median vein dusky, the costal margin whitish, the median and dorsal areas dull testaceous.
Length of body, 2, 32°5, of pronotum 5:25, of tegmina 21°5 millim.
Hab. Arizona, Soutn Catirornia, or NortuEern Mexico (coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).
The only specimen of this species which has been examined is the one contained in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. It was among material collected by Gustav Eisen in Southern Arizona, California, and Northern Mexico, and submitted to the writer for determination. The specimen, a female, lacks both antenne and hind femora, but differs so markedly in shape and in the comparative size of its head that it is described without hesitation as distinct.
(4. Paropomala virgata, Scudd. Paropomala virgata, Scudd. Pysche, viii. p. 437 (1899) *.
Hab. Nortu America, Colorado, Nebraska, California, New Mexico, Arizona, &c.1!
This is by far the most abundant and, at the same time, the most widely distributed species of the genus. Specimens have been collected by A. P. Morse at Mesilla, New Mexico (June 29th); between Gila Bend and Yuma, Arizona (July 4th); and in California, at Palm Springs (July 12th), Cahon Pass (July 10th), Lancaster (Aug. Ist), and Kern City (Aug. 4th). It has also been found as far north as Eastern Colorado and South-west Nebraska. |
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., January 1904. Ge
42 ORTHOPTERA.
PAPAGOA *, gen. nov.
Related to Syrbula, but differing from that genus in having a narrower vertex, which is without a longitudinal carina; and in the longer tegmina and wings, the former without regular veins in the discal field or on the costal margin. Hind femora slender, the tibisee provided with 16 spines in the outer row. The other characters are indicated in the Table for separating the genera of the Tryxaline (anted, p. 27).
1. Papagoa arizonensis, sp. n.
The single male specimen at hand has been dried after long immersion in spirits, besides being otherwise injured, hence an approximate description only can be attempted. The general appearance would suggest that the insect was in life testaceous, varied with brown, and possibly had the dorsal angles and costal margins of the tegmina streaked with green or pale yellow. The pronotum with the upper half of the lateral field provided with a dusky band that is continued on the disc of the tegmina and the sides of the head ; the hind femora greenish, with some dusky marks along the upper edge of the outer face ; the lower portions of the body dirty-white or yellowish.
Length of body, 3, 23, of pronotum 4-30, of tegmina 22°5, of hind femora 14 millim.
Hab. Arizona or Nortoern Mexico (coll. Bruner).
A single male found among some Orthoptera collected by Mr. G. W. Dunn in Southern Arizona or Northern Mexico.
SYRBULA, Stal. Oxycoryphus, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 316; Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 786 (1870). . Stenobothrus, Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. pp. 553-555 (1864); Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p.753; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 84 (1873) ; Glover, I INlustr. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 4. fig. 13 (1872) (nec Fischer). Syrbula, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 90 (1873); Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 119 (1898).
This genus is typically one belonging to the arid regions of the plateaux of Central Mexico and the South-western United States, where a rather large number of species occur. It is also to be met with along the Gulf Coast in the more humid portion of Mexico. The different forms vary greatly, but they may be recognized fairly well by referring to the accompanying Table.
The males of the various species of the genus seem to be very closely related, and in some instances are rather difficult to separate. If we take the pains, however, to compare them closely with the females, and at the same time note the localities where taken, there need be but little trouble in this respect.
Table for separating the Species of Syrbula.
FEMALES.
A’. Pronotum with the lateral carine nearly straight, only gently bowed inward, the dorsal field provided laterally with two con-
* A geographical name.
SYRBULA. 43
tinuous, rather broad, dusky bands; antenne filiform; hind tibie furnished with about 20-23 spines in the outer row. 6’. Larger; the mottling in the disc of the tegmina usually running together ; antenne slender throughout, rather long ; hind tibie infuscated apically . . . . . . « « IL. admirabilis, Uhl.; leucocera, Stal. 6’. Smaller; the mottlings in the disc of the tegmina appearing as distinct blotches ; antennz quite short, semiclavate ; hind tibiz unicolorous, pale . .... 4... , oe . « 2 pacifica, sp. n. A’. Pronotum with the lateral carine strongly bowed inward, the dorsal field above without continuous dusky bands; antenne with the basal joints more or less strongly flattened; hind tibiz furnished with from 16-18 spines in the outer row. 6'. Tegmina nearly or quite without mottling in the discal field. c'. Larger species. Disc of pronotum widest behind, and with lateral dusky bands showing only on the posterior lobe. Tegmina with the costal edge membranous . . . . . 9&8. montezuma, Sauss. ce’. Smaller species. Disc of pronotum as wide in front as behind, the lateral dusky bands showing on the front edge of the anterior lobe as well as on the posterior one. Tegmina with | the costal edge coriaceous . . . . 4. valida, Rehn. b. Tegmina provided with well-defined mottling i in the discal field. . c’. Antenne with the basal joints only slightly depressed or flattened. Tegmina semimembranous throughout. . . . ([6. fuscovittata, Thom. | c’, Antenne with the basal joints considerably depressed or flattened, thus giving these segments a dagger-like form. a’, Large and robust; the head large and wide; pronotum with faint indications of the lateral dusky discal stripe on the sides of the extreme front edge. Wings markely tessellate with hyaline . . . . . . . 7%. robusta, sp. n. d’. Form more slender; the head not unusually large o or broad ; pronotum in front without traces of lateral discal stripe. e’. Larger. The tegmina deep grass-green, rather heavily mottled with dark brown ; the tibize and tarsi of all the legs infuscated or purplish . . . . . [8. acuticornis, Bruner. ] e*, Smaller. The tegmina light green, rather obscurely mottled with smoky brown; the tibiz but little infus-
cated . 2. 7 ee eee ee [9. modesta, sp. n.]
MatgEs.
A’. Lateral carinz of pronotum only gently bowed. Tegmina always plainly and decidedly mottled in the discal area. Wings pale fuliginous. Sides of face and thorax varied with streaks of light testaceous or dirty white. b', Hind femora with the outer face of basal half crossed by well- | Ge 2
44 ORTHOPTERA.
defined, dusky, oblique bands, the tibiz also decidedly infuscated
near the middle and at the apex . . : » « 1. admirabilis, Uhl. 6°. Hind femora with the outer face of the basal half uniformly dusky, the tibiz less decidedly infuscated . . . . . « . Jeucocera, Stal (?).
A’. Lateral carine of pronotum more decidedly bowed. Tegmina showing no decided mottling in the discal area. Wings dark fuliginous, in most cases nearly black. Sides of face and thorax not greatly varied with dirty white or testaceous. b'. Larger. Legs more or less green. c’. Hind femora on the outer face not dusky; disc in outer half of tegmina occasionally occupied by faint dusky maculations. [8. acuticornis, Bruner. ] c’, Hind femora with the outer face on basal half occupied by
dusky. d’. Apical third of hind femora deep ‘ransparent green, the knees not much infuscated. . . . - . . . + [6. fuscovittata, Thom.]
d’, Apical third of hind femora dull dirty green . . . . . 8. montezwma, Sauss. b°. Smaller. Legs either infuscated or uniformly light-coloured. ce’. Form robust : general colour black, varied with green on head
and thorax. . . woe ee ew ee . . « 5. eslave, Rhen. c’. Form slender : general colour greenish, varied with ¢ testaceous and ferruginous . . . 2... . . «es ww «© «LQ. modesta, sp. n.]
1. Syrbula admirabilis, Uhler.
Stenobothrus admirabilis, Ubler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 5538 (1864); Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 753 (1870)*; Glover, Illustr. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 4. fig. 13 (1872) °.
Syrbula admirabilis, Thomas, Rep. Ent. Illinois, ix. pp. 88, 93, 100-102 (1880) *; Bruner, Bull. Washb. Lab. Nat. Hist. i. Pp 131 (1885) °; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 222 (1879) °.
? Syrbula leucocera, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 102, 103 (1878)"; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. p. 869 (1875) °.
Hab. Norra America’, United States, chiefly southward.—Mexico, San Rafael in
_ Vera Cruz (coll. Bruner).
In the collection of the writer there are several males from San Rafael, Vera Cruz, which differ but little from others taken in Florida. Perhaps the §. leucocera of Stal may be identical with these Mexican specimens. No females have been examined from Mexico.
2. Syrbula pacifica, sp. n.
General colour grass-green ; the pronotum with the lateral carine nearly straight, its disc laterally marked with longitudinal dark bands. Tegmina provided with a row of large circular dusky spots along the discal field, occasionally running together as in S. admirabilis and several of the other species. Wings only faintly clouded or fuscous, Head of moderate size; the occiput short, about two-thirds as long as
SYRBULA. 45
the pronotum, provided with a well-defined median carina, paralleled by two others, one on either side. These lateral carinz of the occiput followed by narrow dark lines, which enclose a longitudinal field, either lighter or darker in colour than the region outside, and which, in the specimens before me, seems to be regularly divided by transverse depressions or ridges, giving to it a scalariform appearance. Face not greatly oblique; frontal costa about half as wide as the vertex, expanding a trifle below, gently suleate at the ocellus. Antenne short, reaching about the middle of the pronotum, slender at the base, the joints on the apical third depressed and somewhat clavate in appearance. Pronotum short, the last transverse sulcus situated about the middle; front and hind margins above nearly straight; the hind - lobe finely roughened. The ordinary narrow white line back of the eyes and on the sides of the pronotum, the latter in a dusky patch. Hind femora with a dusky streak along the upper edge of the basal half of the outer face ; anterior and middle legs purplish. Length of body, 9, 32, of antennsw 7, of pronotum 5, of tegmina 23, of hind femora 21 millim.
Hab. MExico, Tepic (Gustav Hisen, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).
Two females.
3. Syrbula montezuma, Sauss.
Oxycoryphus montezuma, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 316°; “Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 786 (1870) *; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 202 (1878) ®*.
Syrbula montezuma, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 102 (1873) *; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. p. 869 (1875)°; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 221, 222 (1897) °.
Hab. Mexico 1, Guerrero, Eslava in the Distrito Federal (Barrett, in coll. Bruner).
Although there are no examples of this locust in the ‘ Biologia’ collection, Mr. O. W. Barrett has sent me several specimens of both sexes.
4, Syrbula valida, Rehn. Syrbula (Herus) valida, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 91 (1900) *.
Hab. Mexico, Eslava (Barrett, in coll. Rehn +).
The types have been examined by me.
5. Syrbula eslave, Rehn. Syrbula eslave, Rebun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 90 (1900) ’*.
Hab. Muxico, Eslava (Barrett, in coll. Rehn* and coll. Bruner: ¢ .) This is very likely the male of S. valida.
(6. Syrbula fuscovittata, Thomas. (Tab. I. figg. 25, 25 a, 3.) Syrbula fuscovittata, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. pp. 870, 871, t. 45. fig. 7 (1875)*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 222, 223, (1897) *.” Hab. Nort America, Southern Arizona (Henshaw !), Tucson (Kunze), Arizona (Dunn, in coll. Bruner) ; also reported from Filmore Cafion, Organ Mountains, New Mexico, at an altitude of 5700 feet above sea-level (Scudder & Cockerell).|
46 ORTHOPTERA.
7. Syrbula robusta, sp. n.
Large and robust, with acuminate antenne and a larger head than usual. General colour green; discal area of wings with the customary row of dusky blotches. Pronotum with strongly bowed lateral caring, edged on the outer side of the anterior lobes and on the inner side of the posterior lobe with deep black, also with indications of the discal lateral dusky bands, both on the hinder and the extreme front edge of the anterior lobes; the sides with faint indications of the middle dusky patch and the white streak which are characteristic of the genus. Wings fuliginous and quite markedly tessellate with hyaline, especially on the anterior half. Tibise and tarsi of anterior and middle legs infuscated or dark purplish. [Hind legs missing. |
Length of body, 2, 38, of antenne 10-5, of pronotum 6°15, of tegmina 28 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Ventanas in Durango 2000 feet (forrer).
A single imperfect specimen.
|8. Syrbula acuticornis, Bruner. Syrbula acuticornis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 55 (1890) *; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 221, 223, t. 2. figg. 10, 10 6 (1897) *.
Hab. Nortu AMERicA, extreme South-western Texas ! (A. Wadgymar, in coll. Bruner), New Mexico, east of Mesilla Park (Morse), La Trementina, New Mexico (Alice Blake). ]
(9. Syrbula modesta, sp. n.
A rather small, moderately robust species, with the antennz subensiform in the female, and having the joints somewhat depressed near the base and towards the apex in the male. Head large, nearly or quite as long above as the pronotum, a little broader than the front edge of the latter. Pronotum with the lateral carine strongly but roundly converging, approaching closest a little in advance of the middle ; anterior lobes quite smooth, the hind one rather strongly granulate or roughened, the punctures and ridges tending to assume alternate longitudinal rows. Tegmina narrow, tapering; in the female about reaching the tip of the abdomen, in the male broadest about the middle and a little "longer. ‘Hind femora slender, somewhat surpassing the tegmina in both sexes.
General colour of the female greenish, varied with dirty white, testaceous, ferruginous, brown, and black ; of the male testaceous, varied with white, green, brown, and black. Female with the head, sides of pronotum, pleura, and hind femora green; tegmina also green, but with the discal field occupied by large dark brown or fuliginous spots, which often run together, thereby occupying the greater portion of the field. Dorsal surface of pronotum ferruginous, with a wedge-shaped black mark along the inner edge of the lateral carina on each side of the hind lobe ; upper edges of lateral lobes with a narrow streak of black. There are also faint indications of the usual dark streaks along the sides of the head and pronotum. In the male the face and sides of the pronotum are green; the cheeks, occiput, and disc of the pronotum ferruginous, the former with streaks of white. Tegmina with the costal margin black, followed by a narrow streak of greenish-white at the base, transparent beyond, then the disc is dusky on account of the fuliginous wings showing through, and the dorsal portion testaceous or cinereous. The hind wings somewhat dusky towards the base.
Length of body, ¢ 19, 2 29; of antenne, g 8, 2? 7; of pronotum, g 3:25, 2 5; of tegmina, ¢ 14-15, 9 20; of hind femora, ¢ 13, 9 17:5 millim.
Hab. Norra America, Grand Cafion of the Colorado River, Arizona (C. H. T. Townsend & A. B. Cordley).
Two males and two females. |
ACROLOPHITUS. 47
[ACROLOPHITUS, Thomas. Acrolophitus, Thomas, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 278 (1871).
The genus Acrolophitus is the type of a small group, the members of whieh are mostly distributed over the plateau region north of Mexico and the western portions of the United States. Until now a single species only has been recorded. In looking over a number of specimens in the material before me, coming from various localities between the Mexican boundary in the south and the Saskatchewan River in the north, a great deal of variation in structure as well as colour is apparent. This being true, it is evident that at least two, and possibly three, distinct species should be recognized. For the present, however, but two such forms will be named, viz., the typical A. hirtipes of. Say, coming from the eastern foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains from Southern Wyoming to Northern New Mexico; the second, so far as known to the writer, restricted to the prairie-region of South-western Texas near the Rio Grande, and undoubtedly also extending across the border into Mexico. What might well be termed a third form, if not a distinct species, is to be met with in the sand-hills of Nebraska, in the Dakotas, Montana, and on the plains of the Saskatchewan west of Manitoba, The habits of A. hirtipes and the more northern form are similar, both being found on rolling ground where vegetation is rather scant. The third, which we will provisionally call A. wniformis, seems to prefer various species of Artemisia and allied genera of plants as food. In flight these insects are rather slow, but their green colour, combined with the dusky banded hind wings, renders them quite conspicuous creatures when on the wing.
These forms may be readily distinguished by the following subjoined brief synoptical table :—
Table for separating the Species of Acrolophitus.
A’. Insect decidedly variegated with light and dark streaks and blotches. The pronotum acute-angled behind in both sexes. The legs not pro- fusely hirsute . 2. 2. 6 1 ew ee ee ee ee 2. variegatus, sp. n.
A’. Insect only slightly or not at all variegated with light and dark streaks. The pronotum in female right-angled behind, that of the male some- what acute. Legs profusely hirsute.
b'. Tegmina showing traces of darker blotches, frequently quite decided. The hind femora faintly banded with narrow, oblique, yellow streaks. 1. hirtipes, Say.
b?. Tegmina unicolorous, or if showing traces of light blotches, this is due to the lighter colour of the veinlets. Hind femora unicolorous. 3. uniformis, sp. n.?
1. Acrolophitus hirtipes, Say. Gryllus hirtipes, Say, Amer. Ent. iii. t. 84 (1828) *; Ent. N. Amer. ed. Lec. i. p. 78, t. 34 (1859) *. Acrolophitus hirtipes, Thomas, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. pp. 266, 278 (1871) °; Glover, Illustr. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 9. fig. 7 (1872) *; Scudd. Psyche, v. pp. 435, 436 (1890) °. Acrolophita hirtipes, Uhler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii’. p. 794 (1877) °.
48 ORTHOPTERA.
Hab. Norta America !-§, eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Northern Texas to Southern Wyoming.
Found in all the American collections, but not in the ‘Biologia’ material, which would indicate that the species does not extend far into Mexico. All the records of specimens taken beyond these limits refer without doubt to either A. variegatus or
A. uniformis,
2. Acrolophitus variegatus, sp.n. (Tab. I. fig. 3, ¢ .)
General colour dark apple-green, greatly streaked and mottled with pinkish-testaceous or dull salmon-colour. The crest on the hind lobe of the pronotum very high and evenly rounded, forming almost one-half of a circle. Head pyramidal, the vertex greatly ascending, acuminate; occiput short, narrow; frontal costa prominent, its sides nearly parallel below the antenne, rather deeply sulcate throughout. Antenne long
and slender, the joints scarcely depressed. Pronotum strongly contracted in front and widened behind, the posterior margin of the disc acute-angled in both sexes; the median carina wanting on the anterior lobe, but present and modified into an exceedingly high and evenly rounded crest on the posterior lobe, occupying about four-fifths of the length of the pronotum. Tegmina and wings ample, extending considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen in both sexes. Hind femora also long and slender, nearly attaining the apex of the closed wings. .
General colour above of various shades of apple-green, below testaceous and dirty white with a faint tinge of green. Face dirty greenish-yellow; cheeks and occiput dark green, with two oblique dull salmon- coloured streaks on each side, which are continued on to the sides of the pronotum ; the latter with a similarly-coloured band on each side of the disc above running from near the front edge of the crest to the hind edge just below the shoulders. Anterior and middle legs testaceous, with obscure bands of
' brown and dirty green ; hind femora green, with their lower edge and the base, also two oblique bands and one preapical band, of a pale salmon-colour. Tegmina dark green, varied with irregular light- coloured maculations in the discal field ; on the basal half the light and dark spots are much smaller and occupy about an equal amount of space, beyond this the dark colour predominates and occupies nearly the entire width of the wing as unequal transverse blotches. Antenne dark ferruginous or reddish- brown.
Length of body, ¢ 34, 2 44; of pronotum, ¢ 8, 2 10; of tegmina, ¢ 31°5, 2 36; of hind femora, 3 23, 26; of antenne, ¢ 19, 2 20 millim.
Hab. NortaH America, Carrizo Springs, Dimmit County, Texas, and about 20 miles from the Mexican border (A. Wadgymar, in coll. Bruner).
Specimens of both sexes were collected in the month of June.]
ACROCARA, Scudder.
Acrocara, Scudder, Psyche, v. pp. 436, 437 (1890).
The representatives of this genus are widely distributed over the arid regions of the Rocky Mountains. ‘Two species are now known; and in both cases but few individuals have thus far been reported. One of these, A. maculipennis, Scudd., is confined to Mexico; the other, A. pulchella, Bruner, comes from Idaho among the
lava-beds.
ACROCARA.—MACHAROCERA, ; 49
1. Acrocara maculipennis, Scudder. (Tab. I. figg. 1, 1a, 2.) Acrocara maculipenne, Scudd. Psyche, v. pp. 437, 438 (1890) *. Hab. MrExico, Montelovez in Coahuila (coll. Scudder), Villa Lerdo in Durango (coll. Bruner *),
The only specimens of this locust before me are two males from Montelovez, found on September 20th, and a single female from Villa Lerdo, found in November ; it is natural to surmise, therefore, that it is either quite rare or else restricted in its distribution to peculiar localities or certain food-plants. The female referred to above was captured by the present writer ; so far as my memory serves me, it was found upon a low thorny herb with greyish leaves growing in alkali soil at the foot of a steep rocky slope. Although a careful search was made at the time, no additional specimens could be found.
MACH/EROCERA, Saussure. Macherocera, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xi. p. 391 (1859).
The insects comprising this genus are confined to Mexico and the northern portions of Central America, where they seem to be generally distributed in the more humid districts. Their general colour is dusky, of some shade of brown, and, in certain forms, occasionally marked with lighter tints along the dorsum and on the hind femora. The wings are blue, becoming more or less heavily infuscated on the apical half or two- thirds. The various species differ one from the other chiefly in size and form, and, as a rule, occupy different sections of the country. The annexed table will aid in distinguishing them.
Table for separating the Species of Macherocera.
A‘. Hind wings with the dusky portion dense and quite uniform, occupy- ing the greater part of the apical two-thirds, and in some instances, perhaps, quite three-fourths. b'. Hind tibiz decidedly blue or bluish; the hind femora marked. with three yellow bands. Dorsum usually provided with a longitudinal pale stripe. [Occurs near the Gulf Coast from fampice to Yucatan —a slender, rather long-winged insect.| . . . . . . 1. mexicana, Sauss. b?. Hind tibiz more or less rufous, or fuscous, but sometimes with a bluish tinge; the hind femora less prominently banded. Dorsum generally without the pale longitudinal stripe. c', Rather slender. General colour very dark brown, the tegmina usually not conspicuously light-coloured on the dorsal field. [ Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.] . . . . . . 2. obscura, sp. n. c?, More robust. General colour ferruginous-brown, the dorsal field of the tegmina usually conspicuously lighter-coloured. [West coast of Central Mexico.] . . . 2 . « 4 pacifica, sp. n.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL, January 1904. Hu
50 ORTHOPTERA.
A’, Hind wings with the dusky portion light, irregular, occupying less than two-thirds of the apical portion, often in great part composed of the infuscation of the veins.
6’. Larger. Tegmina almost without mottling ; the infuscation of the wings little more than the darkening of the veins. [Pacific slope of Mexico northward.]. . . 1. . 1 1 1 ew eee .
b’. Smaller. Usually with conspicuously mottled tegmina; the infus- cation more decided, but tessellated with hyaline in the female. {Mountain regions of eastern slope of Mexico between 1000 and 6000 feet altitude} . 2. 2. 2 1. 6. ww ee ee ee OB Sumichrasti, Thom.
3. magna, sp. 0.
1. Macherocera mexicana, Sauss. Macherocera mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xi. p. 891 (1859) '.
‘“‘ Fuscous, with a pale longitudinal stripe. Pronotum granulose, rugulose, and carinated, the carine inter- rupted in the middle ; posterior margin angulate ; apex subemarginate ; the posterior area flat above, each side carinated. The posterior femora marked with three yellow bands; posterior tibis blue, with a testaceous ring at the base. Wings fuscous; the base and posterior portion bluish. The subanal plate
of the male tricuspidate. “¢, Length 1-2in. 9. Length 1°8 in.”
Hab: Mexico!, Tampico (Mus. Geneva), Temax in N. Yucatan (Gauwmer).
A specimen borrowed from the Museum in Geneva, Switzerland, is now before me ; it is a male, labelled in Saussure’s handwriting and undoubtedly typical. This insect, which is from Tampico, measures just a trifle less than 30 millim. from the anterior point of the vertex to the tip of the closed tegmina, and agrees in every particular with the above brief description. In the ‘ Biologia’ collection there are two others, ¢ and @, from Yucatan. |
2. Macherocera obscura, sp. n.
General colour very dark brown, the wings narrow, largely and heavily infuscated. The insect with a more slender body and longer antenne than usual, and with a very prominent pale annulation near the base of the hind tibie, which are very dark but with a bluish tinge. Structure of vertex, face, and pronotum much as in M. mexicana and M. sumichrastt. Although the general colour is very dark, there are indications of the usual fine mottling on the tegmina and of lighter bands on the hind femora, the inner face of the latter especially showing the bands conspicuously.
Length of body, ¢ 19-20, 9 33; of antenne, ¢ 13, 9 13:5; of pronotum, ¢ 4, 97; of tegmina, ¢ 21-22,
@ 31-32; of hind femora, g 12, 2 18 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Rio Papagaio [1 ¢, 2 2 ], Tierra Colorada [1 ¢ ], and Rincon, all in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); British Honpvras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaur: ? ); GuATE- maLA, San Gerénimo (Champion: 3 2).
Whether the three forms referred to above are geographical races of a single species, or distinct, matters but little. ‘The only way to decide this would be to study their habits in the field.
MACH AROCERA. 51
3. Macherocera magna, sp. n.
Much larger and more robust than M. mexicana, with the dusky portion of the hind wings occupying little more than the apical half, and, for the most part, due to the infuscation of the veins and cross-veins. Head rather broad, the occiput somewhat tumid, and, together with the vertex, rising slightly above the upper edges of the eyes; vertex broad, flat, the sides straight and meeting in front almost in a point, the side-areas flat, sloping so that they can readily be seen from above ; frontal costa prominent between the insertion of the antenne, the sides parallel and when viewed in profile evenly rounded, below the ocellus gradually widening to the clypeus, sulcate throughout. Pronotum broad, coarsely granulate, the median carina heavy, of equal prominence throughout, cut by the anterior and posterior transverse sulci, the latter placed about the middle. Tegmina broad, with scarcely any indication of maculation. Posterior femora with the outer disc uniformly pale, without transverse bands, save a single median light one interiorly, but with several dark brown dots along the carina which borders this field below. Tibie
infuscated, with a slightly paler basal annulus.
General colour of the body, legs, and tegmina dull reddish-brown, the latter a trifle paler dorsally. Wings deep transparent blue on the basal half and along the anal edge for some distance towards the apex. In the dusky portion. this colouring is due chiefly to the infuscation of the veins and veinlets, although there are also indications of the clouding of the membrane as well, especially interiorly and towards the apex.
Length of body, 9,43; of pronotum 10, of tegmina 39, width of same 7:15; length of hind femora 24 millim.
fab. Mexico, ‘‘ Durango or Sinaloa” (Forrer).
One female.
4. Macherocera pacifica, sp. n. | Stouter and somewhat larger than any of the east coast forms, but with the hind wings largely fuliginous. Structure of the head and pronotum similar to that of M. magna, only a trifle more robust in proportion to the size of the insect. Tegmina moderately broad, with the dorsal field lighter coloured, the disc obscurely mottled. Hind femora with obscure indications of light and dark bands externally and the
same quite pronounced internally. Length of body, ¢ 22, 9 39; of antennx, 5 13, 2 16; of pronotum, ¢ 5°5, 9 7-8; of tegmina, ¢ 23, © 32-84; of hind femora, ¢ 15, 2 21 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Tepic, on the Pacific slope, not far from San Blas (Gustav Eisen, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).
Numerous specimens of both sexes.
5. Macherocera sumichrasti, Thomas. (Tab. I. figg. 7, 7a, 2.) Macherocera sumichrasti, Thomas, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. no. 2 (First Series), p. 70 (1874) *. Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith & Godman), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann & H. H. Smith), San Rafael in Vera Cruz (Townsend), Jalapa (Godman).
Thomas’s description agrees practically with the form found so plentifully in the vicinity of Orizaba on the Atlantic slope of the eastern cordillera. It is readily separable from IM. pacijfica by its somewhat shorter and less obscure wings and the other characters given in the synoptic table.
Hu 2
52 ORTHOPTERA.
BOOTETTIX, Bruner.
Boétettiz, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 57, 58 (Febr. 1890). ? Gymnes, Scudder, Psyche, v. p. 440 (Dec. 1890).
Although related to Acrolophitus, Acrocara, and Macherocera, Bootettiz is very different from any of them. While the former are sluggish in their movements and do not stridulate loudly, the representatives of this genus are both extremely active and noisy. These latter also live above the ground and seldom alight upon it, preferring instead to cling to the twigs of a species of evergreen Larrea which seems to be their food-plant, and when disturbed they jump or fly from one plant to another if possible, so greatly do they seem to be attached to it.
1. Bootettix argentatus, Bruner. (Tab. I. figg. 24,24 a, 6, 2.) Boétettix argentatus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 38, 59, t. 1. figg.4,5°*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 256, t. 5. figg. 23, 23a, 6 (1897) *. ? Gymnes punctatus, Scudd. Pysche, v. pp. 440, 441°; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 21 (1900) *. Hab. Nortu America, California 2, New Mexico, El Paso in Texas, Southern Arizona. —Mexico, Villa Lerdo in Durango (Bruner), Chihuahua.
If, as I surmise, Gymnes punctatus, Scudd., proves to be the same species, the distri-
bution is still greater—possibly coincident with that of the Larrea above referred to as its food-plant.
ERITETTIX, Bruner. Stenobothrus, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 80 (1873) (part.). Gomphocerus, Thomas, loc. cit. p. 96 (part.). Eritettiz, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xu. p. 56 (1890) (part.) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 217 (1897).
This is strictly a North-American genus, and it includes species that are very variable in colour and of rather wide distribution. As the name indicates, the various forms mature early in spring. Their nymphs live through the winter among bunch-grasses, and frequently hop about during midwinter when the temperature is sufficiently high to thaw them out. Old pastures and unburnt prairies are their favourite haunts. The males are provided with a fairly well-developed stridulating-area near the costal edge of the tegmina, and they can be heard during the warmer portion of almost any sunny day during spring, as they call to their mates. Several species have been recognized and an additional one is here described. The forms likely to occur within the region here dealt with may be distinguished as follows :—
Table for separating the Species of Eritettix. A’. Lateral carine of the pronotum straight or very gently arcuate. 6‘. Tegmina and wings complete, reaching to (2) or beyond (4) the
ERITETTIX. D3
tip of the abdomen. Supplemental carine of the pronotum nearly
or quite as prominent as the median . . . - « »- ss [1. virgatus, Scudd. ] b. Tegmina and wings abbreviated, at least in the female (the male
is not known). Supplemental carinz of the pronotum less con-
spicuous than the median . . «©. «© e+ e + + @ ee ) & brachypterus, sp.n. A’. Lateral carine of the pronotum moderately arcuate before the middle. Bb. Antenne clavate . 2. 1 6 ee ee ee ew ee ee LB. navicula, Scudd. | b?, Antenne acuminate, not clavate . . . . . 2. 6 e «+ + ©) [4 variadilis, Bruner. ]
(1. Kritettix virgatus, Scudd.
Gomphocerus virgatus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvil. pp. 511,512 (1875) +; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 56 (1888) *. . Eritettix virgatus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 56 (1890)*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 218, 219, t. 2. figg. 9, 9a, b (1897) *. |
Eritettix vernalis, Bruner, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 22 (1898) °.
Hab. Nortsa America, Texas 1~.
While not included in any of the collections coming from Mexico and examined by me, E. virgatus is almost certain to occur across the border. ]
2. Eritettix brachypterus, sp. n.
A rather smaller species than the average, with the wings of the female (at least) abbreviated, only one-half the length of the abdomen. Antenne not clavate; the lateral carine of the pronotum but gently arcuate, the supplemental carine much less conspicuous than in £, virgatus, which it most closely approaches.
Head not prominent, about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum ; vertex scarcely as wide between the eyes as their smaller diameter, the fastigium short and provided with gently raised borders, the median carina prominent, as well as the supplemental carine on the occiput; lateral foveole subtriangular, not very prominent ; frontal costa prominent, especially between the base of the antenne, a little constricted above and with the sides gently approaching at the ocellus, otherwise broad, evenly expanding below, not suleate. Antenne with the joints a little flattened, but not at all clavate, somewhat shorter than the combined length of the head and pronotum. The latter somewhat wider behind than in front; the lateral carine gently arcuate a little in advance of the middle; supplemental caring much less prominent than either the median or the lateral, but still quite apparent; oblique carinz of the sides well developed ; front edge straight, the hind edge above very broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings about one-half as long as the abdomen, the former acuminate, and with the scapular area near the base considerably dilated. Hind femora normal, about reaching the tip of the abdomen. Tibia with 11 spines in the outer row, and with the inner apical claws very unequal in length—a characteristic, however, of all members of the genus.
General colour of single specimen examined green, varied with white, testaceous, ferruginous, and black. Lateral and oblique carine of the pronotum white, bordered with black or piceous. Occiput and the disc of the pronotum between the supplemental caring ferruginous, the remainder of the disc black, the sides below the oblique carine piceous. Tegmina with a narrow, subcostal, green line, the disc infuscated, the costal and dorsal fields cinereous. Hind femora greenish-testaceous, the upper edge of their outer face a little darkened. Hind tibic testaceous, somewhat darker apically. Antenne ferruginous at the base, a trifle paler and tinged with green apically. Probably variable in colour.
Length of body, 2, 20; of pronotum 3°15, of tegmina 6°75, of hind femora 11 millim,
Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango 8100 feet (Forrer).
A single female.
o4 ORTHOPTERA.
[3. Eritettix navicula, Scudd.
Gomphocerus navicula, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng: 1875, pp. 506, 507 (1876)*; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 56 (1883) *.
Eritettix navicula, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 218-220 (1897).
Hab. Nort AMERica, plains east of the Rocky Mountains !-°.
Being an early spring insect, this locust has escaped most collectors, who generally visit the region during the summer and autumn. It should also occur on the grassy plains and tablelands of Northern Mexico. |
[4. Eritettix variabilis, Bruner.
Eritettix variabilis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 56 (1890)*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 219 (1897) *. Opeia obscura, Scudd. & Ckll. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 25 (1902) (part.) °.
Hab. Nortu America, Silver City, New Mexico !-,
This species certainly occurs a little farther south across the Mexican border. The types were collected by Mr. Marsh in May. For some unaccountable reason, Scudder and Cockerell have mistaken &. variabilis for the very common Opeia obscura, ‘Thomas,
which inhabits the plains-region from the Mexican boundary to the Saskatchewan River. |
[EUPEDETES, Scudder. Eupedetes, Scudder, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. pp. 24, 25 (1902).
This is another genus which has been characterized since the synopsis of genera (anted, pp. 26-34) was prepared. As it also occurs in a region well represented by forms
belonging to the fauna of Mexico, I have thought it best to include it herewith as a footnote *. |
[MESOCHLOA, Scudder.
Eritettiz, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 56 (1890) (part.) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 217 (1897). Mesochloa, Scudder, Psyche, viii. pp. 234, 239 (1898).
* EUPEDETES, Scudder.
“Of small size, compact, compressed. Head distinctly shorter than pronotum, in no way ascending, briefly truncate apically, the face considerably oblique; vertex with dorsal and approximate subdorsal rather coarse carinations. Fastigium extending beyond eyes as far as its basal breadth, apically rectangulate, but a little truncate; lateral foveole invisible from above, minute, trigonal ; frontal costa narrow, plane, subequal, but expanding below the ocellus; eyes parallel to front, subelliptical, moderate ; antenne a little longer than the head and prothorax together, filiform, not slender, scarcely depressed. Pronotum rather short, nearly uniform, the lateral carine a little incurved in the middle, the median carina accom- panied by a pair of supplementary median carinz, the front margin truncate, the hind margin broadly obtusangulate; mesosternal lobes separated by a rather wide space, broader than long. Tegmina and
MESOCHLOA.—SILVITETTIX. 5d
1. Mesochloa abortiva, Bruner.
Eritettix abortivus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 56, 57, t. 1. figg. 8,9*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 2207.
Mesochloa abortiva, Scudd. Psyche, viii. p. 239°.
Hab. Nortu America, Texas !~3,
While this insect is not represented in any of the collections examined from south of the Rio Grande, it is exceedingly common in portions of South Central Texas, and no doubt occurs in similar localities across the line in Mexico. |
SILVITETTIX, gen. nov.*
Of medium size, the wings strongly abbreviated in both sexes. Head and pronotum rugose and coarsely punctulate. Antenne with the joints a little flattened, in the female about equalling the combined length of the head and pronotum, in the male as long as or longer than the hind femora. Face strongly oblique ; vertex well advanced in front of the eyes, the sides slightly rounded and provided with rather high carine, the disc sulcate, furnished with a median carina which continues over the occiput to the front edge of the pronotum, this carina generally accompanied from slightly in front of the eyes by well-marked supple- mentary caring. Pronotum scarcely constricted at the middle, the hind edge slightly widest; median carina not prominent, but equal throughout, cut back of the middle by the last transverse sulcus ; lateral carine blunt, strongly approaching in the centre; anterior edge above squarely truncate, the hind margin subangulate ; sides rather deep, the lower margin sinuate, dropping lowest immediately over the base of the front legs. Tegmina rather coarsely veined and with the scapular area dilated. Hind femora moderately robust, in the males greatly surpassing, in the females just about reaching, the tip of the abdomen. Tibi with 9 or 10 spines in the outer row, and with the inner apical spurs subequal. Valves of ovipositor rather stout and protruding. The tip of the abdomen of the male blunt; the last ventral segment short and acuminate; supra-anal plate plain and triangular, a little tumid in the middle near the base.
wings slightly surpassing the abdomen and surpassed by the hind femora, which are moderately slender and compressed.” This genus has much the general aspect of Amphitornus, but has prominent lateral carine on the pronotum and supplementary carine on the head; the supplementary carine of the pronotum approach the median carina much more nearly than in Hritettix, from which it differs by its non-clavate antenne.
1. Eupedetes carinatus, Scudd. Eupedetes carinatus, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 25, t. 1. fig. 2°.
“Testaceous, feebly marked with fuscous, beneath flavescent. Head with a broad longitudinal light fuscous stripe behind upper portion of the eyes, with one or two faint lines behind the eyes below it; antenne flavo-testaceous ; median carina of vertex heaviest in front and especially in the fastigium, which the supplementary caring do not enter. Pronotum testaceous, the lateral carine marking the outer limit of a light fuscous stripe ; supplementary carinz of pronotum less prominent than the median carina ; lateral lobes with a slightly oblique, fuscous-edged, luteous stripe on the lower part of the metazona. Tegmina testaceous, flecked with fuscous mesially. Hind femora flavo-testaceous, faintly infuscated above; hind tibie flavous, with 10-11 black spines on either margin.”
Length of body, ¢, 14°5, of antenne 5: 5, of pronotum 3, of tegmina 10-5, of hind femora 10 millim.
Hab. Norta America, La Trementina, New Mexico (Miss Alice Blake’). One male. Is this not Eritettix variabilis, Bruner ?
* An addition to the genera characterized in the Synopsis (anted, pp. 26-34).
56 ORTHOPTERA.
1. Silvitettix communis, sp. n.
Varying in colour from dark wood-brown to almost black on the head, pronotum, pleura, and sides of the abdomen in the male, but in the female frequently varied on the top of the head, pronotum, dorsal edges of the tegmina, and dorsum of the abdomen with ferruginous, testaceous, or cinereous, paler below. In some females the entire insect becomes much lighter-coloured. About half of the individuals of this sex have the upper edges of the lateral lobes of the pronotum black, but this longitudinal dark streak is in no way regulated by the lateral carinz, since they are crossed both in front and behind the middle, passing forward on the head as far as the eyes and backward to the lower half of the tegmina. Hind femora in the female with the inner and outer faces, as well as the apex, obscure, the upper edge and sometimes the lower sulcus paler, often of a reddish hue; in the male the apex alone black, the remainder varying in colour from testaceous to brown, with a tinge of red shining through from inside. Tibi infuscated. Antenne pale basally, infuscated apically. Labial and maxillary palpi pale yellow or testaceous.
Length of body, ¢ 13, 2 23; of antenne, ¢ 11-13, 2 8; of pronotum, ¢ 3, 2 4°75; of tegmina, ¢ 5-6, @ 5; of hind femora, ¢ 10, 9 13 millim.
Hab. Costa Rica, Monte Redondo and Juan Vifias (L. Bruner, WM. A. Carriker, Ir, M. Cary, and C. F. Underwood), Pozo Azul (M. A. Carriker, Jr.).
This short-winged locust is very common in small openings and about the edges of heavy woods, where it is to be found among the fallen leaves and rank vegetation. There are evidently two or more generations of it during the year, since large numbers of the half-grown nymphs occurred along with the mature insects taken late in February and throughout March. It seems to be rather general in its distribution, as the localities from which specimens were received range from the eastern slope nearly to the Pacific, and from near the sea-level to almost or quite 4500 feet above.
OCHROTETTIX, gen. nov.
Head with the occiput quite long; the vertex, which is a little wider than the shortest diameter of the eyes and projects forward about the same distance, tumid and provided with a well-defined median carina, this being continued over the back of the head to the front edge of the pronotum, the sides rounded as in Mermiria, without lateral foveole ; face strongly oblique, the frontal costa quite prominent between the antenne, narrow, with well-defined bounding carine, continuous to the clypeus, a trifle widened below, sulcate throughout. Antenne with the basal joints much flattened, decidedly ensiform in 9, scarcely so in ¢, nearly (2) or quite(d) as long as the hind femora. Eyes of medium size, elongate-pyriform, oblique. Pronotum almost cylindrical, about as wide in front as behind, the lateral carine wanting or occupying the place of supplemental discal carinee, which latter are nearly parallel and as distinct as the median, and continue upon the occiput as faint parallel carine to the eyes; front and hind edges of the disc broadly rounded or subtruncate, the lower edges of the sides nearly straight; transverse sulci very obscure, the last decidedly behind the middle. Tegmina abbreviate in both sexes, the apex rounded, in the female the dorsal edges scarcely touching, but overlapping in the male. Hind femora surpassing the tip of the abdomen in both sexes, only moderately robust. Hind tibise with 12 or 13 spines in the outer row, the apical spurs subequal. Sexes very unequal in size.
1. Ochrotettix salinus, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 4,44, 3; 5, 5a, 2.)
The type of the genus, the only species known, has the fastigium of the vertex provided at the sides and front with a slightly raised blunt carina; the face when seen from the side a little hollowed just above the ocellus. ‘l'egmina in the female reaching to about the middle of the second abdominal segment, those of the male a trifle more than half as long as the abdomen. The general colour, apart from a very faintly
7
Or
OCHROTETTIX.—LEUCONOTUS.
darker band on each side of the occiput and following the outer edge of the supplemental carinez to the hind edge of the pronotum, and, to some extent, on the basal half of the male tegmina, pale ochraceous. Eyes a trifle darker. Antenne faintly ferruginous. Spines of the hind tibie, and the valves of the ovipositor of the female, black-tipped.
Length of body, ¢ 18, 9 32; of antenne, ¢ 13, 9 12:5; of head, § 3°7, 2 5; of pronotum, ¢ 3°5, 2 6; of tegmina, ¢ 7, 2 5; of hind femora, ¢ 12, 9 13 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Salina Cruz, Tehuantepec (C. C. Deam).
LEUCONOTUS, gen. nov.*
Body with the sides slightly compressed ; face rather. oblique; .antenne (¢ ) shorter than the hind femora, with the joints somewhat flattened, but not ensiform. Pronotum very gently expanding behind; the lateral carinze fully as prominent as the median and very near to it throughout, parallel on the anterior and but slightly divergent on the posterior lobe; last transverse sulcus considerably behind the middle and quite profound.
Head large, the occiput on the same plane with the disc of the pronotum; eyes elongate-pyriform, oblique, separated above by less than their short diameter ; vertex projecting in front of the eyes a little more than its basal width, acuminate, provided with gently raised borders, a longitudinal median carina, and short triangular basal foveole which are invisible from above. Face long, when viewed from the side nearly straight, the frontal costa prominent between the antenne, continuous and sulcate to the clypeus, the sides diverging gently below the ocellus. Pronotum with the anterior margin very gently rounded, the hind edge broadly angulate, and the lower lateral edges sinuate as in Ochrotettia. Tegmina abbreviate, about two-thirds as long as the abdomen, subacuminate, the scapular area not greatly dilated and provided with few veins. Hind femora robust, reaching considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind tibie provided with 10 spines in the outer row; the inner apical claws about equal. Apex of abdomen blunt, the last ventral segment short, acuminate, directed upward; the supra-anal plate plain, triangular, with a broad shallow sulcus at the base ; cerci rather slender, acuminate.
1. Leuconotus biolleyi, sp. n.
The insect which is the type of the genus is represented by five males, and may be readily recognized by having the occiput, the disc of the pronotum, and the dorsal edges of the closed tegmina uniformly pale testaceous. Face, sides of head, body, pronotum, and tegmina brown, heavily mottled with black. Underside pale, the abdomen above with a ferruginous tinge. Hind femora pale, without definite bands, but more or less varied with black; the apex and base of the tibie dark, the latter with a pale annulus near the base. Anterior and middle feet also infuscated. Antenne pale on the basal half, the apex dark.
Length of body, ¢, 15; of antenne 7, of pronotum 3:5, of tegmina 6°5, of hind femora 10 millim.
Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Grande 1800 feet (Bruner), San Mateo 800 feet (Biolley).
Four males from the Rio Grande and one from San Mateo. The female is as yet unknown, but, judging from the structure of allied forms, is apt to be considerably larger and more robust than the males here described. The species is a winter one, and seems to be confined to the more arid sections of the western or Pacific slope, where it frequents the openings and edges of open groves along watercourses.
* An addition to the genera characterized in the Synopsis (anted, pp. 26-34).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., January 1904. It
58 ORTHOPTERA.
AMPHITORNUS, McNeill.
Stenobothrus, Thomas, Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Mont. p. 465 (1872) ; Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 83 (1873) (nec Fischer). | Amphitornus, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 223 (1897). This small genus is confined to the western half of North America, where it is represented by two recognized species which may be separated as follows :—
A’. Median carina of the pronotum severed decidedly behind the middle . 1. ornatus, McNeill. A’. Median carina of the pronotum cut by the last transverse sulcus but little behind the middle . . . 2. 2. 2 ew 1 we ew ee LR. bicolor, Thom.]
1. Amphitornus ornatus, McNeill. (Tab. I. figg. 13, 13 a, 2.) Amphitornus ornatus, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 225’. Stenobothrus coloradus, Koebele, Bull. no. 22, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric. p. 94 (1890) *. Hab. NortH America, Western ‘lexas, Southern New Mexico, Arizona, and Cali- fornia 1 ?,—? Mexico, Durango.
There are no examples of this species before me from Mexico territory, but some years ago I noticed an insect in numbers in the State of Durango which appeared to belong to it. Unfortunately none were taken at the time.
A. bicolor, Thomas, is more northern in its distribution.
OPEIA, McNeill. Opeia, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 214 (1897).
This is another strictly American genus that seems to be restricted to the arid and semiarid regions of the tablelands of Mexico and the south-western portions of the United States. While the collections at hand indicate rather numerous forms, but two of them appear to occur beyond the Mexican border within the United States. One of these, O. testacea, Scudder, is rather local in its distribution, and, so far as recorded, is confined to the southern half of California. The other, O. odscura, Thomas, is distri- buted over the plains from the Rio Grande in the south to the Saskatchewan in the north, and is partial to certain low-growing grasses. ‘The Mexican forms are mostly short-winged, and with a single exception appear to be slightly more robust than the two Just mentioned.
There is little doubt that some close collecting at various points in the plateau- regions of Mexico would bring to light several additional species. The known forms, along with those now described, may be distinguished as follows :—
Table for separating the Species of Opeia.
A’, Tegmina fully developed, reaching at least the tip of the abdomen, their apices rounded.
6’. General colour darker in the female, sometimes green, varied and
OPEIA. 59,
streaked with brown and black. Discal field of tegmina furnished
with a row of dark brown or black spots . . . . . . . . . [1]. obscura, Thom.] 6’. General colour uniformly light testaceous. Discal field of tegmina concolorous.
c’. Lateral carine of the pronotum gently approaching in front, the last transverse sulcus scarcely visible. . . . . . . . . . 98. pallida, sp. n. c’. Lateral carine of the pronotum parallel, the last transverse sulcus distinct 2. 1 1 ew ww ee we ee ee ee A’, Tegmina abbreviated, seldom more than half the length of the abdomen in the female, a trifle longer in the male, generally acuminate.
6’. More slender. The pronotum about as wide in front as behind. Median carina of vertex prominent even on occiput. Tegmina often with much green a
&*. More robust. The pronotum slightly broadest behind. Median carina of vertex disappearing on the occiput.
c’. Smaller. Less varied with dark and light stripes. Tegmina touch- ing or overlapping above.
a’, Lateral carinz of the pronotum gently sinuate, the anterior lobe constricted both at the sides and at a little behind the anterior margin above. Tegmina of the female just touching above . 5. mexicana, sp. n.
ad’. Lateral carine of the pronotum straight, the anterior lobe not constricted. 'Tegmina of the female slightly overlapping above. 6. palmeri, sp. n. c*, Larger. Much varied with dark and light stripes. Tegmina not quite touching above
[4. testacea, Scudd.]
2. imperfecta, sp. n.
. . 7. lineata, sp. n.
[1. Opeia obscura, Thomas.
Oxycoryphus obscurus, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Mont. p. 446 (1871) '; Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 73 (1878) °.
Opeia obscura, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 215, 216, t. 2. figg. 7, 7 a, 6, c (1897) °; Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 45 (1899) *.
Hab. Norta America! , Plains-regions of the Saskatchewan River, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona.
By far the most widely distributed species of the genus. Although not represented in the collections coming from south of the Mexican boundary, it is known to occur abundantly in the adjacent regions to the north, and it is quite probable, therefore, that it inhabits portions of Northern Mexico as well.]
2. Opeia imperfecta, sp. n.
Very similar in size, colour, and general appearance to O. obscura, but with abbreviated tegmina and wings. It also differs from that insect in its somewhat more slender form, slightly longer pronotum, the more advanced vertex, and rather strongly sloping face. The frontal costa is a little wider above the ocellus in O. imperfecta than in O. obscura, and has its walls sharper and more nearly parallel. The pronotum of the female has its lateral carine nearly or quite as widely separated in front as behind, while in this sex of O. obscura they perceptibly converge anteriorly. The tegmina and wings of O. imperfecta
Ii 2
60 ORTHOPTERA.
are about one-half (9) or nearly three-fourths (¢) as long as the abdomen, their apices pointed or acuminate, and are provided in the discal field with a row of more or less blended fuscous blotches. The general colour varies from pale grass-green to brownish-testaceous above, banded on the sides of the head and pronotum with darker. Sides of the head behind the middle of the eyes marked by a narrow white streak. The lateral carine of pronotum also pale. Hind femora with the upper portion of the outer disc, and the tips of the hind tibiz, somewhat infuscated. Lower side dirty or yellowish white. Length of body, ¢ 13°5, 9 22; of pronotum, ¢ 2°5, 9 4; of tegmina, ¢ 6, 2 8; of hind femora, ¢ 8°75, © 12°5 millim. Hab. Nortu America, South-west Texas (Schaupp).—MExico, Jimulco and Comancho in Zacatecas (Bruner).
Found in Mexico in November.
8. Opeia pallida, sp. n.
Most closely related to O. testacea, Scudder, from which it differs in its somewhat larger size and more robust form, the shorter and broader vertex, the less pointed eyes, prominent frontal costa, and oblique face, and in having the lateral carine of the pronotum somewhat converging in front, instead of parallel as in that insect.
The colour of the two forms is very similar, both being pale testaceous, with only faint indications of the characteristic light and dark streaks.
Length of body, 9, 26; of pronotum 4, of tegmina 16, of hind femora 15 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Montelovez in Coahuila (Dr. Palmer, in coll. Scudder).
A single male. ‘This may be only a variety of O. testacea, but coming from the eastern or Atlantic slope, and differing in the various points of structure mentioned above, I have thought best to treat it as distinct. Both these insects undoubtedly frequent alkali or desert-like localities, if we are to judge by their uniformly pale colour.
[4. Opeia testacea, Scudder. Opeia testacea, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 46 (1899)'; Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. p. 22 (1900) . Hab. Nortu America, Southern half of California ! 2 (colls. Bruner, Morse, and Scudder). |
5. Opeia mexicana, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 15, 15a, 2.)
Very similar to, if not the same as, the following species, but differing from it in its rather darker colour, the more rounded and somewhat channelled vertex just behind the fastigium, the slightly undulate lateral carine of the pronotum, and the narrower tegmina, which in the present insect scarcely touch at their dorsal edges.
Length of body, 9, 23; of pronotum 4°25, of tegmina 6, of hind femora 13°5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Tlalpam, near city of Mexico (coll. Bruner).
A single female.
OPEIA. . 61
6. Opeia palmeri, sp. n.
A brachypterous, moderately robust species, in which the prevailing colour is brownish-testaceous, varied by lon gitudinal brown bands.
Head very slightly broader than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput on the same plane as the disc of the latter ; eyes not at all prominent, a little longer than (¢), or about equal to ( ? ), the length of the portion of the cheeks below them ; vertex provided with a gently raised border and a well-defined median carina, the lateral edges scarcely foveolate, and meeting at the fastigium in a right angle in the female or in an obtuse angle in the male. Antenne with the basal joints considerably flattened in both sexes, but scarcely ensiform even in the female, as long as the head and pronotum together in the male, about reaching the last transverse sulcus in the female. Frontal costa of medium width and gradually broad- ening below, sulcate in the male, nearly plane in the female. Face when viewed from the side not very oblique, less so than in O. obscura and O. testacea. Pronotum a little wider behind than in front, the lateral carinsze evenly converging in the female, parallel from the principal sulcus in the male, but divergent on the posterior lobe. Tegmina about half as long as the abdomen, acuminate, and with their dorsal edges slightly overlapping. Hind femora broad on the basal two-thirds, slender beyond ; tibie with 10 spines on the outer row.
Sides of the head and the upper half of the sides of the pronotum provided with a gradually broadening brown band. Disc of the tegmina with a row of small quadrate dusky dots. Upper edge of the outer face of the hind femora also dark. In the single female specimen at hand the median carina of the pronotum and a narrow median line on the occiput to the fastigium are dark brown. Tips of the antenne and feet a little darker than the general colour.
Length of body, g 15, 2 20; of pronotum, ¢ 3, 2 4; of tegmina, ¢ 6, 2 7; of hind femora, ¢ 10, 2 13 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Sierra de San Miguelito (Dr. Palmer, in coll. Scudder).
One male and one female.
7. Opeia lineata, sp. n.
Large and robust for the genus to which it belongs; much varied with light and dark lines. The tegmina greatly abbreviated and with the dorsal edges not touching.
Head moderately large, about as wide as the front edge of, and nearly as long as, the pronotum ; the occiput smooth, evenly rounded; vertex about as wide as the shortest diameter of the eyes, roundly depressed, the antero-lateral carine blunt, with the surface just inside gently sulcate, furnished with a blunt longi- tudinal median carina, which becomes nearly obliterated about midway to the front edge of the pronotum. Face only gently oblique, the frontal carina broad, shallow, sulcate, evenly expanding downward, reaching the clypeus, its lateral walls coarse. Eyes subpyriform, about as long as the portion of the cheeks below them, not prominent. Antenne acuminate, short. Pronotum slightly widest behind, gently compressed at the middle, the lateral carine gradually approaching anteriorly, the transverse sulci dim, the last cutting all three caring, situated about one-third the distance from the hind edge, the latter scarcely angulate. Tegmina short, acuminate, reaching the apex of the third abdominal segment, their dorsal edges not attingent. Hind femora rather robust, as long as the abdomen.
The general colour of the single specimen at hand is light testaceous, much varied with dusky streaks. Occiput provided with a broad, median, longitudinal light band that extends from the fastigium to the posterior edge of the pronotum, bounded on either side by one of black, the latter about one-half the width of the former. Lateral carine of the pronotum light-coloured and continued on the head as a narrow testaceous stripe to the posterior edge of the eyes; below this there is a narrow black line, followed by a rather broad infuscated area, then a light one, and again a second dusky one. Lower edge of the pronotum and cheeks broadly testaceous. Lateral facial carine light-coloured, bordered very narrowly with black. Sides of the pronotum just behind the last sulcus and midway from the top to the bottom provided with a short, raised, smooth, white ridge. There is also a narrow, black-bordered, dirty-white line on each side of the head behind the middle of the eyes. Pleura streaked with light and
62 ORTHOPTERA.
dark. The tegmina have the costal area green, the disc fuliginous, with the dorsal angle pale, followed above by dusky. Abdomen longitudinally streaked with dark and light. Hind femora with the upper half of the outer disc dark, the lower half light; the upper and lower edges, except the carinse which are more or less brownish, light; the knees infuscated. Tibie and tarsi more or less dusky.
Length of body, 9, 27; of pronotum 4:60, of tegmina 7, of hind femora 14 millim.
Hab. Muxico, Sierra de San Miguelito (Dr. Palmer, in coll. Scudder).
A single female.
AMBLYTROPIDIA, Stal. Amblytropidia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 107 (1873).
The insects which fall into this genus, as limited by Stal, nearly all belong to Middle America, and, judging from the forms now before the writer, are quite numerous. With but few exceptions, their prevailing colour is some shade of brown, incon- spicuously varied with darker or lighter streaks or mottlings. Their habits are similar to those of the members of the genera Orphula, Orphulella, &c., hence the various species may be sought for in grassy localities along streams and at the edges of groves or woodlands. Although not rare, none of the forms seem to be sufficiently abundant to cause damage to vegetation. ‘They may be recognized in part by the following analytical table :—
Table for separating the Species of Amblytropidia.
A’. Median carina of vertex quite prominent. Last transverse sulcus of the pronotum situated plainly behind the middle.
5’. Robust, for the most part pale-coloured. Tegmina of the female not surpassing the tip of the abdomen, the latter con- colorous above.
c'. Antenne of the female (those of the male always more elon- gate) a trifle longer than the head and pronotum united. Tegmina provided with fuscous spots.
ad’. Smaller. [Brazil, Panama?] ........ . . {l. ferruginosa, Stal. } d’, Larger. Hind tibiz with 13 spines in the outer row. . [Vera Paz and ?H. Mexico.] . . . .... . 2 magna, sp. n.
c’. Antenne of the female considerably shorter than the head and pronotum united. Tegmina variable in colour.
d’. Tegmina pale testaceous, without fuscous spots or longi-
tudinal pale stripes. Knees of the male at least dark-- coloured. [Argentina]. . . . . . . . . . « {B. australis, Bruner. ]
ad’, Tegmina mottled, or with both fuscous spots and longi-
tudinal pale stripes, often with much green. ([Brazil, Paraguay.]. . . . . woe ee ew ew .) [4e vittata, Giglio-Tos.]
6°’. More slender, rather dark- coloured. Tegmina of the female
_ surpassing the tip of the abdomen. Abdomen of the male, at least, bright ferruginous or orange.
$
AMBLYTROPIDIA. 63
c’. Colour uniform dusky brown, the female with: distinctly flecked tegmina. _@. Hind tibiz 12-13-spined in the outer row. [British Guiana and Trinidad] . 2. 2... 1 1... . OB. trinitatis, sp. n.] da’, Hind tibiz 15-16-spined in the outer row. [West coast of Central Mexico.] . . re ce’. Colour dark olive-brown in the male. Hind tibie 11-12- spined in the outer row. [E. Mexico.] . . . . . . . 6. auriventris, Bruner. A’. Median carine of the vertex less prominent. Last transverse sulcus of the pronotum situated about the middle. 6'. Hind tibiz provided with 15-19 spines in the outer row. c’. Rather robust. Colour variable. [Nicaragua and Costa Rica} . 6 1 1. we ew ee ee ee we ww «7%, COstaricensis, sp. n. c’, More slender. The colour rather uniform. dad‘, Anterior portion of the disc of the pronotum narrower than the hind portion ; lateral carinz in the male concolorous, the disc and sides not infuscated. [Mexico.] . . . . 8. mysteca, Sauss. d’, Anterior portion of the disc of the pronotum about equal in its width to the hind portion; lateral carine in the male pale, the disc and sides infuscated. [Mexico.] . . 9. ingenita, sp. n. 6’. Hind tibie provided with but 14 spines in the outer row. [Eastern United States southward] . . . . . . . . . ([11. occidentalis, Sauss.]
10. elongata, sp. n.
(1. Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Stal. Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 107 (1878) ’.
Hab. Braz}.
Not recognized by me. Various writers have reported this insect from localities other than that from which Stal’s type came, in some instances, without doubt, incor- rectly: Giglio-Tos (Bollet. Mus. Zool. Torino, ix. no. 184, p. 13, and xii. no. 302, p. 25) credits it to Argentina, where A. australis, Bruner, occurs and seems likely to be the insect referred to, and also (op. cit. no. 301, p. 2) to ‘“ Punta de Sabana, Colon, and ‘Tin-tin,” on the Isthmus of Panama, and mentions differences that exist in the size and structure of the specimens which he has examined. Perhaps this last reference refers to still another species in addition to those tabulated above ?]
2. Amblytropidia magna, sp. n.
Large, robust, the general colour almost uniform rusty-brown, the costal area of the tegmina a trifle darker and with a few scattered pale fuscous dots. Tegmina rather broad, the basal portion of their discal field thickly veined, but without any indication of an intercalary vein as is found in most of the other species of the genus. Head large, the occiput somewhat ascending above the plane of the pronotum; antenne a trifle longer than the head and pronotum together; the median carina of the vertex prominent and continuous over the occiput almost to the front edge of the pronotum. The pronotum with the disc flat,
64 ORTHOPTERA.
a trifle narrowed in front, the last transverse sulcus a little behind the middle. Hind femora as long as the tegmina, which reach the tip of the abdomen, moderately robust at the base. Length of body, 2, 36; of antenne 12, of pronotum 7, of tegmina 27, of hind femora 24 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Medellin in Vera Cruz (Rev. T. Heyde); Guatemaua, Panzos in Vera Paz (Conradt).
A female from Panzos, and a male from Medellin.
This insect is considerably larger than any other representative of the genus that has thus far come into my hands. The absence of all indications of an intercalary vein on the tegmina, as well as its robust build, readily separates it from all the other known forms. The female described, selected as the type, shows signs of having been in spirits, but this has not greatly modified its structure nor changed its colour.
The male from Medellin, on account of its size and the number of spines in the outer row of the hind tibie (13), may belong here. It is of a uniform pale brown colour, inclining to olive on the head, pronotum, and pleura. The antenne are as long as in A. auriventris and A. trinitatis, and the hind femora, together with the base of the tibiee, are dark. The abdomen, however, lacks the orange or ferruginous tinge to be found in both those species, being, instead, uniformly pale. Its length is 25°5, antenne 13, tegmina 17, and hind femora 15 millim.
(3. Amblytropidia australis, Bruner. Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Giglio-Tos, Bollet. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, ix. no. 184, p. 13 (Sept. 1894)’; op. cit. xii, no. 802, p. 25 (Aug. 1897) (nec Stal) *. Amblytropidia australis, Bruner, Locusts of Argentina, p. 32 (1900) *.
Hab. ARGENTINA !-3,
This species occurs in Argentina along the Rio Parana to its mouth; also northward and westward to the Bolivian frontier, if we accept Professor Giglio-Tos’s identification as recorded above. |
(4. Amblytropidia vittata, Giglio-Tos. Amblytropidia vittata, Giglio-Tos, Bollet. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, ix. no. 184, p. 13 (1894) *. Hab. Brazit; Paraguay }.
A. vittata occurs at Sao Paulo, Brazil, as well as in Paraguay, several specimens from the former locality having been received by me. Both this and the preceding species can be recognized by their unusually short antenne, as well as by the generally pale testaceous colour, more or less relieved by green, dark brown, or black streaks on the head, pronotum, and tegmina. Other characteristics which distinguish them are mentioned in the synoptic table. |
AMBLYTROPIDIA. 65
(5. Amblytropidia trinitatis, sp. n.
Apparently closely related to A. auriventris, Bruner, from which it differs in its darker colour, the greater. number of spines in the outer row of the hind tibie, the somewhat slenderer antenne, the larger head, more ascending occiput, and the more prominent and profoundly sulcate frontal costa, There is also a great discrepancy in the size of the two sexes in the present species, but whether this characteristic is also true of A. auriventris is not known to me, since only the male of it has thus far been seen.
Head large, occiput somewhat bulging and slightly ascending above the plane of the pronotum; eyes large, prominent, considerably longer than the infra-ocular portion of the cheeks; ‘vertex nearly (3) or quite () as wide as the shortest diameter of one of the eyes, anterior lateral margins and median carina prominent, the latter continuing backwards over the occiput to the front edge of the pronotum. The pronotum rather short, flat above, a trifle narrowed in front, and with the surface much as in A. auriventris; last transverse sulcus situated plainly behind the middle. Tegmina also as in that species. Hind femora moderately robust; hind tibie with 12 or 13 spines in the outer row.
General colour dark ferruginous-brown, the tegmina of the female decidedly and profusely mottled with darker markings. The male with indications of a paler streak on the occiput and pronotum; also with blackened, reddish-testaceous hind femora, some specimens showing decided dusky bands along the upper edge of their outer face ; tibie black at the base and infuscated apically. Abdomen above and on the last three segments below bright ferruginous, almost orange. Antenne black. In the female there is a faint trace of dusky bands along the upper margins of the sides of the pronotum; and in some specimens the disc, along with the dorsal portion of the tegmina, is paler than the general coloration of the insect.
Length of body, ¢ 18, 9 30; of antenna, ¢ & 2,9; of pronotum, ¢ 3:5, 9 6; of tegmina, f 13, 9 21; of hind femora, ¢ 12, 9? 18 millim.
Hab. Brivmish Guiana, Demerara (Crew); TRINIDAD (Chipman).
Seven males and three females from Trinidad, found between December and March,
and four males and one female from Demerara. |
6. Amblytropidia auriventris, McNeill. Amblytropidia auriventris (Bruner MSS.), McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 227
(1896) °. Amblytropidia mysteca, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 9 (1902) (part.) *.
Rather below the medium size, but, nevertheless, moderately robust in stature; with unusually long and heavy antenne. Dark olive-brown, with the lower sulcus of the hind femora and the dorsal half of the abdomen orange-red, the latter somewhat the brighter. Superficially resembling the male of A. ingenita, which is here described, but readily separated from that species by the characters given in the table.
Head of medium size; the eyes large and bulging, considerably longer than the cheek below them; vertex about one-half as broad as the greatest diameter of the eyes, with prominent median carina and bounding walls; face tairly oblique, a little rounded when viewed from the side, the frontal costa prominent, of nearly equal width throughout, and profoundly sulcate in the vicinity of the ocellus, above provided with a median carina, which extends to below the insertion of the antennz. Pronotum rather short, the disc with the sides subparallel ; median carina fairly prominent, cut by the last transverse sulcus distinctly behind the middle; lateral carine distinct, but not prominent; posterior lobe closely and coarsely punctulate, the disc both in front and behind provided on each side with two or three rather coarse, short, longitudinal wrinkles. Tegmina of medium width, coarsely but not profusely reticulate on the basal portion, with indications of an intercalary vein, the costal edge broadly rounded. Hind femora long, robust, extending considerably beyond the tips of the closed tegmina. Hind tibie with but
11 or 12 spines in the outer row.
Besides the general colour as given above, this insect is provided with a light band on each side of the vertex
and occiput, which is more or less plainly continued upon the disc of the pronotum just inside the lateral
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., January 1904. Kx
66 ORTHOPTERA.
carine. The hind femora are also lighter coloured than the remainder of the body, and with dusky dots along the upper carine. Antenne pale olive at the base, but becoming almost black apically.
Length of body, ¢, 17°5; of antenne 11, of pronotum 3:5, of tegmina 13-14, of hind femora 12:25 millim.
ffab. Mexico, Atoyac and Orizaba in Vera Cruz (Bruner).
Several males, taken by myself during late November and December at the margins of woods, McNeill did not describe this species, but only indicated its relationship with A. occidentalis, Sauss., by means of a short table.
7. Amblytropidia costaricensis, sp. n. ? Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. p. 64, t. 3 (1895).
A medium-sized, robust insect, of variable colour, in which the antenne are quite short in both sexes, and the tegmina may be either quite destitute of or thickly marked with fuscous dots.
Head of medium size, no wider than the pronotum, the face not greatly oblique ; eyes rather large; vertex broad, short, rounded, scarcely sulcate anteriorly, the bounding walls blunt, but not bulging, the median carina inconspicuous, but visible to the front edge of the pronotum in most specimens ; frontal costa very broad, of equal width throughout, prominent above, less so below, scarcely suleate even at the ocellus, but provided with coarse punctures for about two-thirds its length. Pronotum short, broad, the disc very slightly narrowed in front; median carina coarse and equally prominent throughout, cut by the last transverse sulcus about the middle; sulci inconspicuous; hind margin of the disc decidedly, but obtusely angulate, the angle not rounded. Tegmina of moderate width, feebly and sparsely reticulate, with a partially developed intercalary vein, reaching beyond the apex of the abdomen, and, in most specimens, a trifle surpassing the tips of the hind femora. The latter flattened but quite broad at the base, reaching beyond the tip of the abdomen in both sexes; hind tibia provided with 15-18 or 19 spines in the outer row.
General colour of the face, the lower portion of the sides, the upper edges of the hind femora, and below, usually pale testaceous, but sometimes dull ferruginous, in dark specimens being uniformly of that colour, save that the tegmina, thorax, and hind femora are more or less marked with fuscous and black dots of different sizes. The lighter-coloured individuals may have the entire top of the head, the pronotum, and the tegmina above the costal area uniformly pale testaceous, or cinereous, varied with blotches and streaks of brown or dull black, or they may even have all of this portion black. In most of these colour-variations there is a decided dusky line extending backward from the middle of the eye along the upper edge of the sides of pronotum and continued on the costal area of the tegmina nearly to their apices. The upper edges of the outer and inner discs of the hind femora are usually also infuscated, the latter more deeply so and crossed by two narrow oblique light fascie ; tibie infuscated apically.
Length of body, ¢ 19, 2 27-28; of antennae, ¢ 6, 9 5; of pronotum, d 4, 2 5'5; of tegmina, ¢ 17, Q 22-23; of hind femora, ¢ 13°5, 9 18 millim.
Hab. Nicaragua, Greytown (Shimek); Costa Rica, San José (Biolley, Underwood).
The specimens from Greytown are slightly larger than the others and have from 16—19 spines in the outer row of the hind tibie (instead of 15-18), but otherwise do not differ greatly from the Costa Rican insects.
8. Amblytropidia mysteca, Sauss. (Tab. I. figg. 14, 14a, 2.)
Stenobothrus (Rhammatocerus) mystecus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p- 817'; Orthopt. Nova Amer, ii. p. 20 (1861) *.
AMBLYTROPIDIA. 67
Stenobothrus mystecus, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. pp. 755, 756 (1870) °; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 205 (1873) *. Amblytropidia mysteca, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 9 (1902) °.
Hab. Mexico 173, Presidio in Sinaloa (Forrer: 2), Cocula (Barrett: 9), Orizaba (HZ. H. Smith & Godman: 3 2), San Rafael in Vera Cruz (Townsend: ¢ @ ).
Owing to the great similarity in the general appearance of several of the species belonging to this genus, there is no doubt but that more or less confusion exists in their synonymy. Saussure’s type, a female, is before me as I write. It may be recognized by the characters mentioned in the synoptic table of species which is given above. ‘There are also specimens of this locust in the collection of the U.S. National Museum.
9. Amblytropidia ingenita, sp. n.
Rather closely related to A. mysteca, Sauss., but differing from it in a number of details, such as the com- parative number of spines in the outer row on the hind tibie, the structure of the occiput, pronotum, and hind femora, and in the general coloration, wing-length, habitat, &c.
Of medium size. The head a trifle broader than the front edge of the pronotum; vertex about as wide as the shortest diameter of one of the eyes, short, rounded, the lateral edges and carina not prominent, but the latter extending back over the much roughened occiput to the front edge of the pronotum ; face, when viewed from the side, rounded, not greatly receding ; frontal costa very wide, a little narrowed above, scarcely sulcate, but provided with a row of punctures along each side, the bounding walls blunt. Antenne, even in the male, not reaching the apex of the pronotum. The latter short; the disc flat and of equal width throughout, the median carina not much more prominent than the lateral, cut in the middle by the last transverse sulcus ; anterior edge broadly rounded, the posterior edge angled. Tegmina straight, of medium width, the transverse veinlets weak, not very numerous on the basal portion ; intercalary vein present in the distal portion of the area, prominent. Hind femora broader than usual on the basal half where the upper and lower carinw are conspicuously developed, quite slender apically ; the tibie 15-spined in the outer row.
General colour brownish-cinereous, profusely streaked and mottled with plain brown and black. Sides of the head back of the eyes, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, the upper portion of the pleura, and the three basal segments of the abdomen, along with the costal area of the tegmina, generally dusky. In the male (always) and the female (sometimes) there is present a narrow testaceous band, reaching from the front edge of each eye above across the occiput to the pronotum, where it continues just inside the lateral carinw and passes to the angle of the closed tegmina, which it follows for some distance. Abdomen, apart from the lateral dusky patches on the basal segments, pale, in the male more or less decidedly tinged above with orange. Hind femora testaceous, varied on the upper portion of the inner and outer discs by the presence of a dusky patch. Hind tibie apically, together with all the tarsi, infuscated.
Length of body, ¢ 18-19, 9 24; of antenne, ¢ 6, 9 6; of pronotum, ¢ 35, Q 4:75; of tegmina,
3 14-16, 2 19-5; of hind femora, ¢ 18, 2 15°5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Bruner: ¢), Chilpancingo in Guerrero 4600 feet (H. H. Smith: 3 2), Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith, Barrett: 3 2).
While the present species has been taken at Orizaba, its range seems to be more southerly and preferably in regions drained towards the Pacific, in this latter district almost or entirely replacing A. mysteca, which is nearly restricted to the Atlantic slope. ‘The insect has been met with in the months of May, June, and December.
| Kx 2
68 ORTHOPTERA.
10. Amblytropidia elongata, sp. x.
Of large size, but moderately slender, with long hind legs. General colour almost uniformly dark brown, but with a few dusky spots sprinkled over the disc and dorsal portions of the tegmina. Antenne of the female reaching to about the last transverse sulcus of the pronotum, which is situated considerably beyond the middle. Head about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, rather coarsely punctate and otherwise roughened; the occiput scarcely, or not at all, ascending, fully three-fourths as long as the pronotum, furnished with a strong median carina which reaches nearly to the front edge of the latter ; face strongly oblique, the frontal costa wide and provided with heavy lateral carine, rather broadly and deeply sulcate at the ocellus, punctate at the sides above. Pronotum with the disc gently tectate, of medium width, the lateral carine straight and gently converging in front ; the disc of the hind lobe and the anterior edge of the front lobe provided with rather coarse, elongate, wavy ridges. Tegmina rather narrow, slightly surpassing the tip of the abdomen, not very profusely veined on the basal half and provided with a fairly well-defined intercalary vein. Hind femora long and slender, reaching the tip of the closed tegmina ; and, owing to the head being longer than usual, apparently arising nearer the middle of the body than in other species of the genus. Hind tibise provided with 15 or 16 spines in the outer
row. Length of body, 2, 34; of antenne 8, of occiput 5, of pronotum 6°25, of tegmina 24, of hind femora
20 millim. Hab. W. Mexico, Tepic in Jalisco (coll. California Acad. of Sciences).
A single female specimen.
[11. Amblytropidia occidentalis, Sauss.
Stenobothrus (Rhammatocerus) occidentalis, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 317'; Orthopt. Nova Amer. ii. p. 20 (1861) *.
Stenobothrus occidentalis, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. pp. 755, 756 (1870) °; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 92 (1873)*; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 56 (1883) *.
Amblytropidia occidentalis, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 226, 227, t. 3. figg. 18, 13 a, b (1897) °; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. pp. 22, 23 (1900) ’.
Amblytropidia subhyalina, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 511 (1875)*; Ent. Notes, iv. p. 85 (1875) °; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 58°.
Chloéaltis (Amblytropidia) subhyalina, Prov. Faun. Ent. Can. ii. p. 44 (1877) ”.
Hab. Nortn America !—!1, South-eastern United States.
The only records of this insect which we have are from localities to the north and east of the Mexican boundary, although Saussure says (én litt.) that A. mysteca= A. occidentalis. It has several times been reported from Texas, but most frequently from the south-eastern portions of the United States. |
THYRIPTILON, gen. nov.
A genus including moderate or medium-sized insects, with rather long subensiform antennw and obliquely truncate tegmina ; and with a compressed pronotum, the lateral carine of which are nearly parallel on the anterior but strongly divergent on the posterior lobe.
Head of the same width as the front edge of the pronotum, rather high, the occiput somewhat ascending even to the extreme fastigium, the sides of the vertex straight, high, and meeting in front at much less than a right angle, even in the female, sulcation quite deep and without median longitudinal carina, lateral
THYRIPTILON.—SISANTUM. 69.
foveole subobsolete. Eyes prominent, bulging, not much pointed above, and considerably shorter than that portion of the cheeks below them. Antennz with the basal joints flattened and subensiform, about as long as ( 9 ), or considerably longer than (3), the combined length of the head and pronotum. Face very oblique, long and straight when viewed from the side. Pronotum short, somewhat compressed, the sides higher than long, the lower edges on the anterior half obliquely truncate ; lateral carine parallel or nearly so on the anterior lobe, greatly divergent on the posterior ; last transverse sulcus profound and situated distinctly behind the middle; anterior margin of the disc somewhat rounded, the posterior broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings complete, extending a little beyond the tip of the abdomen, even in the female; the former with the apex obliquely truncate, the costal or scapular edge somewhat dilated in both sexes, and without any traces of an intercalary vein. Wings provided on the costal area with a series of large, quadrate, window-like cells, that shine like highly polished glass, hence the name “ Thyriptilon.” Hind femora heavy on the basal half, slender apically, as long as ( ¢ ) or longer (3) than the abdomen. Hind tibie provided with 11-13 spines in the outer row.
1. Thyriptilon vitripenne, sp. n.
Uniformly dull brown, with indications of a darker streak along the upper edges of the sides of the pronotum, and sometimes with the tegmina evenly and rather profusely flecked with darker brown dots. Wings highly polished, very slightly tinged with yellow and becoming faintly clouded at the apex; the anterior border, especially in advance of the series of large quadrate cells, thickened and dark-eoloured—possibly a stridulating device. Hind femora with the lower portion of the inner face on the basal half and lower outer edge black.
Length of body, ¢ 17-18, 9 28-30; of antennez, ¢ 9, 9 8; of pronotum, ¢ 3°7, 9 4:85-5:15; of tegmina,
g 18, 9 23-24; of hind femora, ¢ 12, 2 16 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer).
Fourteen males and six females.
SISANTUM, gen. nov.
Having the general appearance of both Orphulella and Thyriptilon, but differing considerably from each in a number of details.
Occiput ascending, eyes a trifle prominent, broadly oval, about as long as the portion of the cheeks below them, the vertex gently depressed in front, sides of the fastigium straight, meeting in a right angle (9 ) or less (3), and followed internally by a rather deep groove; lateral foveole discernible as elongate depressions, slightly broadest next to the eyes; frontal costa percurrent. Antenne filiform, rather longer than the head and pronotum combined. Pronotum gently expanding posteriorly, the lateral carinz less prominent than the median but of equal prominence throughout, more or less divergent, especially on the metazona ; prozona and metazona of about equal length, the lateral lobes deeper than long. Tegmina usually broadly rounded at the apex, but sometimes showing some indication of being obliquely truncate above ; rather broad, and membranous to a greater extent than usual on the apical half or two-thirds. Wings hyaline, with their anterior edge re-enforced and provided with the usual large regular cells just behind the costa. Hind femora heavy basally, slender apically ; the tibiee provided with 13 spines in the outer row.
1. Sisantum notochloris, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 11, 11a, 2.)
This insect, which is the type of the genus, is characterized by having the top of the head, the disc of the pronotum, and the dorsal field of the tegmina uniformly grass-green. At first glance, save for its somewhat smaller size and filiform antenna, it might be mistaken for the male of Truwxalis brevicornis (Linn.).
Head about as wide as (<), or a little wider than ( 9 ), the front edge of the pronotum ; vertex between the eyes about two-thirds ( ¢) or three-fourths ( 9 ) as broad as their shortest diameter, projecting anteriorly for a distance about equal to or slightly less than its width posteriorly. Frontal costa rather broad,
70 ORTHOPTERA.
prominent and sulcate throughout, the sides diverging from a point a little below the ocellus to the clypeus. Face when viewed from the side moderately oblique, straight. Pronotum with the lateral caring nearly parallel on the front, and considerably diverging on the hind, lobe, the last transverse sulcus profound, situated about the middle, cutting all three carinew ; front edge straight, the hind edge broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings extending beyond the tip of both the abdomen and hind femora in the two sexes ; upper portion of the discal field of the tegmina provided with regular transverse veins which form rather large cells ; the area just beneath irregularly veined, but in some specimens showing a tendency towards the formation of an obscure intercalary vein.
Green above, but with the sides of the head, the pronotum, a portion of the pleura, and the tegmina, except the dorsal area, brown or brownish, the latter with indications of scattered dots of a still darker shade. Lateral carinee of the pronotum on the anterior lobe bordered with a line of black, which crosses over to the dorsal area on the hind lobe, thus maintaining the uniform width of the dorsal green stripe. Hind femora greenish-testaceous, becoming slightly darker apically ; tibia brownish testaceous, Lower side pale yellowish.
Length of body, ¢ 18, 9 26; of antenne, 5 10, 2 9; of pronotum, ¢ 3°5, 9 5; of tegmina, ¢ 17, 2 21°55; of hind femora, ¢ 12, 9 16 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Medellin in Vera Cruz (Rev. T. Heyde).
Five males and two females, captured in the month of September.
CORDILLACRIS, Rehn *
Stenobothrus, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 80 (1873) (part.).
Oxycoryphus, Thomas, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. p. 251 (1876).
? Ochrilidia, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 52 (1890).
Alpha, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 121 (1893); McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 245, 246 (1897) ; Scudder, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. p. 23 (1900) ; Scudd. & CkIl. op. cit. ix. p. 26 (1902).
Cordillacris, Rehn, Canad. Ent. xxxii. p. 271 (1901).
This is another Truxaline genus characteristic of the arid and semiarid regions of the Rocky Mountains and southward. While the collections before me lack repre- sentatives of this group, it is known that at least one, and possibly the two other described species occur in Mexican territory.
Table for separating the Species of Cordillacris. A‘. Larger. Median carina of the pronotum cut much behind the middle. Disc of the tegmina provided with rather small dark spots. 6’. Posterior tibie in part red orreddish . . . . . ..... 2, occipitalis, Thom. b*. Posterior tibie testaceous . . . . woe s+ 6 6 6 « [2. cinerea, Bruner.] A’. Smaller. Median carina of the pronotum cut very little behind the middle. Disc of the tegmina provided with large dark blotches which run together . . . .....642.2.02.48.202088, [3. crenulata, Bruner. ]
* The name Cordzllacris, Rehn, should take the place of Alpha, Brunner, which is preoccupied in Hymenoptera (see anted, p. 29),
CORDILLACRIS.— PHLIBOSTROMA, 71
1. Cordillacris occipitalis, Thomas. Stenobothrus occipitalis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 81 (1873) *; Glover, Illustr. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 17. fig. 13 (1874) °; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 55 (1888) *. Oxycoryphus occipitalis, Thomas, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. p. 251 (1876)*; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1878, p. 1843 (1878) °.
Ochrilidia occipitalis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 52 (1889)°; Townsend, Insect Life, vi. p. 31 (1893) ”. |
Alpha occipitalis, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 121 (1893) *°; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 246, 247, t. 4. figg. 18, 18a, 6 (1897) °; Sceudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 23 (1900) *°.
Cordillacris occipitalis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1902, p. 718”; Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 782 (1903) ”. .
Hab. Nortu America! !*, Plains east of the Rocky Mountains and the basin between the latter and the Sierra Nevada, southward to beyond the limits of the United States.—Mexico, Chihuahua (Bruner).
(2. Cordillacris cinerea, Bruner.
Ochrilidia cinerea, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 52, 53 (1890) ’.
Alpha cinerea, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 247 (1897) *; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p- 28 (1900) ’; Scudd. & Ckll. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 26 (1902) *.
Cordillacris cinerea, Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 782 (1903) °.
Hab. North America!—5, Western Nebraska southward to near Mesilla, New Mexico.
Found on sandy ground and more restricted in its distribution than the preceding. ]
(3. Cordillacris crenulata, Bruner.
Ochrilidia crenulata, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 51,52 (1890)*; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. ili. p. 22 (1893) *.
Alpha crenulata, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 247 (1897)°; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. USS. p. 23 (1900) *; Scudd. & Ckll. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 26 (1902) ’.
Cordillacris crenulata, Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. p. 26 (1903) °.
Hab. Nortu America !~*, southern portion of New Mexico and Arizona.
Of nearly the same habits as C. occipitalis but rather less common and somewhat restricted to gravelly hill-sides and tracts covered with scattered short grass. |
PHLIBOSTROMA, Scudder.
Stenobothrus, Thomas, Syn. N. Amer. Acrid. p. 93 (1873) (part.) (nec Fischer).
Phiibostroma, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 517 (1875); Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 510 (1876); Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 57 (1883) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 247, 248 (1897).
Beta, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 121 (1893).
72 ORTHOPTERA.
This genus is represented by a single variable species. It is a characteristic locust of the arid and semiarid regions of western North America, from the plains of the Saskatchewan to an indeterminate point on the interior tablelands of Mexico. The following brief synonymy will give the reader some notion of its variability.
1. Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Thomas. Stenobothrus quadrimaculatus, Thomas, Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Wyom. p. 280 (1871) ' Syn. N. Amer. Acrid. p. 93 (1878) ?; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 56 (1883) °. Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Bruner, Bull. Washb. Lab. Nat. Hist. i. no. 4, p. 185 (1885) * McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 248, 249, t. 4. figg. 19, 19 a, 6 (1897) °; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 23 (1900) °.
Phlibostroma pictum, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 517 (1875)"; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 57°; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 23 (1893) *.
Phlibostroma parvum, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 510 (1876) *°; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 57; Bull. Washb. Lab. Nat. Hist. i. pp. 198, 199 (1886) ”.
Stenobothrus letus, Uhler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. iii. pp. 792, 793 (1877) ».
Phiibostroma letum, Bruner, Bull. Washb. Lab. Nat. Hist. i. p. 199”.
Hab. Norta America!~!4, Plains of the Saskatchewan to the interior tablelands of Mexico. —Mexico, Northern Chihuahua (Bruner).
Not represented in any of the Mexican collections before me, but observed by me while collecting other insects in the mountains of Northern Chihuahua during the autumn of 1887.
ORPHULA, Stal *. Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx), Stal, Kongl. Svenska Freg. Eug. Resa, Ins., Orthopt. p. 339 (1860)
(part.). . Truzxalis (Orphula), Stal, Recens. Orthopt. 1. p. 105 (1873) (part.).
Orphula, Stal, Obs. Orthopt. ii. p. 42 (1876).
A genus composed of medium-sized insects belonging to Tropical America, and possibly represented by several species. The type of Orphula, O. pagana, Stal, is found in Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Northern Argentina. Two other species are now added. ‘They may be separated as follows :—
A’. Fastigium of the vertex with its antero-lateral edges decidedly rounded.
Basal joints of the antenne greatly depressed. Lateral carinz of the
pronotum only gently divergent on the hind lobe . . . . . . . ([]. pagana, Stal.] A’. Fastigium of the vertex with its antero-lateral edges nearly straight.
Basal joints of the antennz only gently depressed. Lateral carinz of
the pronotum strongly divergent on the hind lobe.
s * Since the publication of the Synopsis of the Genera of Tryxalinz (anted, pp. 26-34), two insects have come into my possession