SINC - LINK Vol. 5 No. 3 MAY -Juse [9287
SIN LIND I5 A PUBLICATION OF THE TORONTO TIME(-SINCLATE USERS CLUE AND IS IUEI €
TABLE OF CONTENTS . sm pe e ru : TES A VER, COPIES OF THE NEWSLETTER ARE $1.50 EACH FOR NOM-MENBERS, CLUE MEMBERS eee mes arene etn page m n MUN pane OF TE £x ae y Roelof Mulder...., page 2 RECETUE A FREE CORY RS Peri U du 1.5. 5 O SET page 2 dM MEMERECHTD SINCBITS by lan Robertson...,.. s... page 3 ANNUAL PEXECRSITP FEE, LARKEN CARTRIDGE DOS ane by George Chambers.....sssseeees page 4 e fMüTOBVtVtEp nR PHIL NEWSLETTERS ARE FYCHANCED FREE OF CHARGE, A PARASE BOOK OF CONPUTERESE i -m wp, I fut * eens "i je LEID" J WITH OTHER TINCI-RINCLATR USERS GROUP: SPRING CLEANING. osses, page 6 2088 EXPANDING ARRAY . verte: Tl Tu TUR Dim Pr MüMIBTNO DAS by Larry Crawford..sssseseseeees page 7/6 ALL MATERIA. I5 IM THE MED IRAN Wi COMMUNICATIONS, .......... «s.s page 8 Cu BE REPRINTED, PLEASE CREDIT THE: BOB'S NOTEBOOK by Bob Mitchell.....page 9 arip: Te tS aM, TE am ee TE vnm NES DISK DROPPINGS by Breg Lloyd....... page 10 FopLl.nils: mus ine MAL IZ OW wt PIRE TIPS aes dee disset rd page 10 SOFTWARE REVIEW by Roelof Mulder...page 11 THE GREAT RAM RESCUE... cc cssseseecs page 12 M tano el QL WAYFARER by Reginald Cottle..... page 13 cu ERE aa DARE Iu MURPHY'S LAWS OF COMPUTINS......... page 14 SCUTTLEBUTT e eia sencer Ya ea en page 14
Attention: SINC-LINK Editor TORONTO TIMEX-SINCLAIR USERS CLUB " P.0. Box 7274 Stn. A, Toronto MSW 1
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS LAC er
85 3987
: inald Cottle (416) 7
TUAM Pide Chambers (516) 751 7559 URER: Charles Urban
TREAVITIES DIRECTOR: HELP ee
NEWSLETTER EDITOR: Noreen
HOUSE CHAIRMAN: HELP WANTED!!
: George Chambers ( f town members) CON ORT ANS: hace aa (2068); Rene Bruneau (2X81) TA :
j Mi emyre PAPER LIBRARIANS: Jim McCormack; Mike Lemy
TORONTO TIMEX - SINCLAIR USERS CLUB l P. O. Box 7274 Stn. A Toronto, Ont., MSW IX9 Conodo
PAGE 1
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
"It was a HOT stormy night....... " Hi there. This is your editor speaking. I have been very busy since last I addressed you ---- i I have had a BABY!!! Guess when I had him? The day after the
last newsletter was "put to bed", so to speak. His name is
AUBREY ANDREW COTTLE. Aubrey was his father's idea and Andrew is
‘in honour of my father Gordon Andrews McLean (a good Cape Bretoner name if you ever heard one eh?) I’m still trying to get
our illustrious president to change a diaper FAT CHANCE!
I understand that there is going to be a vote regarding whether or not there is to be a summer break. If there is to be a summer break the next newsletter will be mailed out. If you plan to be on the receiving end you had better make sure that your correct address is listed on the members list. Any newsletter articles should be handed in by the NEXT. MEETING or make some arrangement to get it to the editor.
Expect the next newsletter at your doorstep by August 9th!! (or there abouts - tee hee)
Noreen Cottle
FOR SALE
1 - Commodore Monitor Model 1702 Has RGB and Composite 1l- TS2050 Modem and all the software. 1 = TS2040 Printer 1 - Aerco Printerlinterface l - AERCO Disk System -2 Drives, CP/M, 30 disks w/SW 1 - Technical Manual for the 152068 1 - OCD Assembler (Spectrum), PRO/FILE, HOT Z on tape and cartridge, Some games
l h reece ae iE SA 20
car in testing
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n n b n"
For prices and further information call Floyd Chrysler at 416 924 2327 (eves) 190 St. George St. 596 6211 (days) Toronto, Ont. M5R 2N4
can te easily
Screen rather than &4,
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Sinc Bits Ian Robertson
UPDATES: The second MIDWEST T/S COMPUTER FEST, in Indianapolis, was an unqualified success, both from a vendor and a spectator (visitor) viewpoint. All the vendors were there, with the exception of E. Arthur Brown, Russell Electronics and Sunset Electronics. My cup runeth over and ay wallet runeth out of cash - what temptation! Next year I understand that it will be held in San Francisco - think about cosbining a holiday with a visit to the fest, even for just one day, it's worth it. Of course | attended all the hardware oriented seminars and was impressed by their content. One sesinar was conducted by Bill Pedersen (The Widjup Co.) on the subject of 152068 bank switching. According to Bill he will soon be aarketing a systea which will allow 2068 owners to bank switch in excess of 1 Mbyte of RAM, and the price will be quite affordable. I look forward to purchasing and operating such a systes. Now for the RUMOUR DEPT, - according to Stuart Newfeld of ZEBRA SYSTEMS, they will continue to support T/S coaputers as evidenced by their à tables of T/S hardware/software - KNIGHTED COMPUTERS will continue to support the 152068, but have sold their AL business to Sharps Inc. Sir Clive has announced the arrival of his latest portable computer, the 288 (no, not the 7Y8E). It is a z780 8 bit, approx 8 1/2* x 14" x 1 1/4", weighing in at under 2 lbs., with an 80 coluan LCD "Supertwist" diplav, 32k of RAM (expandable to 3 Mbytes), 128k of ROM with built in word processing, spreadsheet and utilities. While it is not IBM compatible, it allows transfer of data files. It will sell for approx. $200.00 US.
SPECTRUM: Not too uch news this tise about ay (almost) favourite coaputers, except to state that a disk drive interface is now available which is supposed to be compatible with both the 48k and the 128k versions of the Speccy. It is called "THE DISCIPLE’ and costs $74.00 (pounds sterling) plus shipping, from Rockfort Products, 81 Church Rd., London NWG 4DP, U.K. They take plastic. It has the much loved NMI dusp, centronics IF, networks with IFi, and handles two SS or DS , 40 or 80 track 3", 3.1/2" or 5 1/4" drives, Amstrad also has another "Sinclair" available, called the IX Spectrua 128 + 3. This one comes with a 3" disk drive built in. I have not seen any advertised yet, so no pricing is available. Üne last word on the state of Spectrum magazines. ZX COMPUTING MONTHLY seeas to be the ONLY U.K. magazine that still caters to serious users/hobbiests. All the others are 100 per cent gases oriented and should only be considered if your interests lie in that direction.
2068: Larry Kenny of LARKEN ELECTRONICS has done it again! He has produced a disk interface cartridge, that plugs into the cartridge port, which turns your RAMEX interface into a LARKEN interface. And it works! It comes with the DOS on a 2764 Eprom and the FORMAT software on tape. The FORMAT programpe is loaded into the computer and after configuring it to suit your (up to 4) drive system, it loads itself to disk. I have tried it on both SSDD 3" and 5 1/4" DSQD drives, without a problem. The LARKEN extended basic commands also work on sy RAMEY hybrid. Now for the interesting part - the cartridge does
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not have to be resoved from the cartridge port when the RANE: DOS is used AND by switching off the RAMEX DOS eoros, the RAMEX does not have to be modified in any way. I also saw Larry’s latest 1$2048 Disk Interface at the Fest (RMG Enterprises) anc it looks GREAT. It is slightly smaller than the RAMEX anc sports a Keapston joystick port and an NMI button. John üliger was also at the Fest and said that his SAFE DOS is now up to version 2.32, but that it still does not have an "erase" function. Ed Grey of GREY & CLIFFORD COMPUTER PRODUCTS, F.0. box 2186, Inglewood, CA 90305, was also at the Fest with version 4.: of Spectera-64 (for either the Spectrua or the 152068) and the © companion 1-51/0 (RS232 IF). This terminal software allows vou to have 64 characters on the screen without using the Zebra 0S-64 cartridge and to operate at either 300 or 1200 baud. The 1-51/0 allows the 2068 owner to use a 1200 baud aodes with the software. It also operates at 19200 baud for sore exotic hardware applications such as printers and plotters. Tos Sison, of THE CUYAHOGA VALLEY SOFTWARE WORKS, 615 School Ave., Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221 was also demonstrating their latest version of SPDOS for the Oliger disk interface. If any JLC Users are interested in using a different DOS, this is the one. It comes on two disks, one to boot the JLO/SPDOS system and the other has the SPDOS software. The 18 page Manual is easy to read anc is self explanatory. One busy booth at the Fest was the NOVELSOF? booth. According to' Dave and Ariel, ZXPERT and ARTWORK 1.1 were received very well. As alaost every serious user already hac TIMACHINE, sales were a bit slow. It was encouraging to see GREAT software selling well at the Fest - the message being “you should support your local software house, if you want to see further T/S software". Pirates take note!
QL: The OL was well represented at the Fest by A+ Comouter Response, Sharps Inc., Quantus Cosputing, Variety Sales, Brice Road Pharmacy, C.W. Associates, Curry Computer, RMb Enterprises and Mark Fendrick (Markel). Toa Bent and David Rothman hoste the QUANTA (IGLUE) booth, offering memberships, back issues of QUANTA and copies/updates of the QUANTA Library. The Library 15 now B*Mbytes of GOOD software (12 80 track disks) and sells tor $110.00 US to meavers of QUANTA. I purchased OSFELi from Curry Computer, even though they warned me that it is only compatible with the standard issue of QUILL, which is called üLWP in the US. They were correct, it would not work with ay v2.3 BUILL. But, after changing the QUILL "boot" reference to QLWP anc changing the file naaes QUILL and QUILL_HOB to OLWP and GLWP HOE it worked without a hitch. Thanks Curry Computer for being so honest, I have sent thea a letter detailing the above, to assist with future sales. One other interesting purchase was the Schon keyboard. Contrary to UK advertising, it is NOT a simple "replacement" (for the North American GL). A considerable amount of fitting/cutting, mostly at the rear, was required before it fitted properly. When typing with this keyboard, it is possible to have quite a few 'repeats' if you are NOT a touch tvpist and have a tendency to linger just a bit before going to the next letter. All things considered, including the cost of $69.95 US, it is quite an acceptable keyboard replacement. One last ites of interest, according to Tos Bent the GL disk controller WD1770 is not as fast as the newer WDi772-02 chip. Therefore, by replacing the WD1770, your GL disk drives will not make that angry chattering when formatting and initializing.
PAGE 3
LARKEN CARTRIDGE DOS S
Larry Kenny has come through with a cartridge DOS for his Disk Operating System. How does this DOS stack up against the original EPROM DOS and the disk DOS'?
Firstly, it takes a little getting used to. Not that it is really that difficult. It uses the Standard TIMEX keyword commands for SAVE, LOAD, PRINT, MERGE, plus some less familiar keyword commands such as FORMAT, ERASE, and CAT, A11 these commands must be prefaced with the command PRINT USR 100:
It is possible to use a Shorter prefacing command PRINT #4. The computer has to be set up for this abbreviated command by previously having entered an instruction PRINT USR 100: OPEN #4,"dd" . This instruction only needs to be set up once at the start of a session with the computer,
The cartridge appears to bank-switch the ROM in order to perform it's tasks. It contains an 8K EPROM and an 8K RAM chip to do its tasks, and uses no computer memory.
Although my cartridge works Properly, some members who have received the cartridge are having difficulty using it in the Spectrum mode, Simply put, it does not work, While the cause st111 remains obscure and is being worked on, we Suspect it is related to the particular Spectrum ROM chip being used, In my case the Spectrum ROM has the markings AMI 8437 CCN 356 201 802 AUSTRIA. One ROM that the cartridge will not work with is marked NEC 8425x7 D 23128C 057, At the moment we are looking to see whether the problem is related to the speed of the chip, and the possibility of using an EPROM with the ROM data. ROM chips having the marking NEC are suspect.
The cartridge has an AUTOSTART feature, Simply put, you can save a program in such a way that by holding the ENTER key operated while switching the computer on will cause the disk drive to start automatically and load that previously specially-saved program. One of these special programs is permissable per disk. I make this special program the MENU for programs on that particular disk.
There 1s an NMI feature built into the cartridge. However, to make use of this feature you have to first build a special pushbutton circuit to trigger it. The instructions given for making up this button, while they may be adequate for the knowledgeable technician, I found were rather too sketchy for my level of expertise. I suggest that we shall have to have an article in the newsletter giving a more comprehensive description. Nevertheless, I have assembled the button Circuit, and it does work as described. Load an unbreakeable program from tape, press the NMI button momentarily, a 5-note tune is heard, press a key (1 to 5), the disk starts up and chugs along for 22 tracks, the final two notes of the tune are heard, and the
action on the screen recommences, Very impressive,
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Normally the total memory is captured from addr--s 22490 to 65535. However, 1f you press the "s" | instead of the key 1 to 5, the SCREEN will be saved, 1.e. 6144 bytes starting at 16384,
I mentioned earlier that the instructions for the NMI button were sketchy. The same thing must be said about the documentation as a whole, It is likely that everything that one needs to know is contained in the four page manual, However, the paucity of detail makes the user strain to grasp the intent of the instructions, This 1s unfortunate, for it is a good System, and deserves better treatment,
One interesting aspect of the evolution of this system is the variety of DOS' that are available to 1t. Although one might be inclined to think that with the new cartridge DOS the earlier DOS' would no longer be useful, this is not the case. Quite a few utility programs have been written for the LARKEN system based on these disk DOS', These utilities accessed various points in the DOS' for Particular functions that were useful in the utility programs, It appears that the cartridge DOS is not nearly so accessible, therefore the disk DOS’ will continue to be used in current utilities; and in future utilities that are written,
There is provision to Piggyback a Spectrum EPROM onto the cartridge. Or an LROS cartridge EPROM can be installed. Instruction are supplied in the manual,
The cartridge contains several usefu] subroutines.
One can open up to three "windows", and direct output to them.
There is a fast DRAW routine,
And a fast FILL routine which can f411 an area with any of 8 different background patterns.
There 1s a print driver routine in the DOS EPROM, However I have not found out how to control the printer line length yet, so I am unsure of it's usefulness. Either I am missing the point, or some redesign is required on this feature,
Larry Kenny (LARKEN ELECTRONICS) advises that he is working up a new design disk interface board for the 2068 to be used with the cartridge DOS. Prices for the new interface board will be $50 US, and $65 US for the cartridge board, for a total of $115 US. oF course, you will then need the drive itself, plus a power supply for the drive, Good value for a Super disk System. I recommend it.
PAGE 4
A PHRASE BOOK OF COMPUTERESE ...MEs BRZOZOWSKI., SINCUS (MAR/APR 86)
YOU'VE PROBABLY SEEN DOZENS OF GLOSSARIES OF COMPUTER TERMS. NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, MAGAZINES, AND EVEN SOME COMPUTER MANUALS CONTAIN LISTS THAT WILL LET YOU LOOK UP THE MEANING OF WORDS SUCH AS BYTE, RAM, FLOPPY DISK, ETC.
BUT you CAN'T LEARN FRENCH BY READING A FRENCH DICTIONARY, AND YOU CAN'T UNDERSTAND COMPUTERESE BY SCANNING A GLOSSARY. ALTHOUGH A TRUE UNDERSTANDING OF A LANGUAGE REQUIRES PRACTICE WE COULD REALLY USE A PHRASE BOOK. YOU KNOW, THE KIND TOURISTS TAKE WITH THEM WHEN THEY TRAVEL. THE LITTLE BOOK THEY OPEN AT THE RESTAURANT IN CHINA, JUST TO MAKE SURE THEY DON'T ACCIDENTIALLY ORDER A STIR-FRIED TRACTOR.
HERE'S A SMALL LIST OF USEFUL COMPUTER PHRASES,...AND WHAT THEY REALLY MEAN:
They'll] be available in a -- If enough people act interes It's new and innovative -- It’s not com atable with anything counie at : ted P couple of aonths we Bay start designing one eee f We won't be making it -- The only guy who understood the s near letter -- The dot satrix is larger than available: there's not thingleft us to work for a acre quier) 3515 enough of a aarket organized outfit You won't be constantly -- We don't provide much It's fully compatable -- We heard that someone got it refering to the eanual documentation working, once. They'll be available in a -- The competition has announed n. They'll be available in a -- We forgot to write the software couple of months and we don't want you to buy couple of aonths for it theirs The owner installs it -- You do the work and save us the Qurs is easier to learn -- (urs doesn't do auch lahour casts It's portable -- We put a handle on it It's the best one around -- You expect us to say it isn’t? New low price -- We got this deal on a load of They'll be available in a 77 We've got to redesign it. We've reject parts that usually work couple of aonths been fiddling with it so long OK that they've stopped making the parts They'il be available in a -- The prototype still doesn't couple cf months work for some reason Its widely supported by — -- If you have any questions we third parties and user don't want to hear thes We've iaproved it -- We think it's finally debugged PDA They'll be available in a -- We're trying to hire a designer They'll be available in a -- There's a sucker born every couple of months who knows what the heck (s)he is Couple ef. aoth eae doing It's compatable with -- We took the guts and put thea It'll upgrade your system -- Now you won't crash as often earlier aodels in a new box
AS YOU CAN SEE, THERE'S MORE TO COMPUTERESE THAN JUST WORD MEANINGS. NOTE THAT
THE MEANING OF SOME PHRASES CHANGES DEPENDING ON HOW MANY TIMES THEY'RE
REPEATED. WE CAN ALSO BE SURE THAT THOSE WHO ANNOUNCE SHIPPING DATES FOR _COMPUTER PRODUCTS FULLY AGREE WITH EINSTEIN THAT TIME IS RELATIVE.
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PAGE 5
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PAGE 6
2068 EXPANDING ARRAY
If you create an array for the storage of data, the chances are that you will dimension the array to be as large as it might neec to be some time in the future. In this way, data can be added as needed without having to worry about ‘outgrowing’ the array. However, if uou are using tape for storage, SAVEs and LOADs will be time consuming because of the huge array which may be mostly empty. A neat solution is to use an array which starts out with only one element and which grows as needed to be only as large as it neecs to be to hold the data.
HOW IT WORKS
The first program to be LOADed after the main BASIC program is 'opnr', an 11 byte routine located out of the way at 65355. When it is activated in line 9998, it moves the whole BASIC program area 91 butes higher in memory by calling the “open BC spaces" routine in ROM at 12BB hex. The “expcode’ is now tucked into the
upcoming chances in the BASIC area. The of code a: 26710 are used for variabies other tuo routines.
Line 30 is interesting. The LET N$(1)-N$(1) assignment statement, which seems to be a go-nothing quirky thing, is actually an essential part of the whole routine. Wien a variable is assignec a value. address is stored in the system variable
a pL act caii@o wes
Tis ifie e
M/C |j uses this value te locat first element of the arvau. The parameters of the array are found by following the structure given OP pace 257 of the manual and then stored in variables mentioned earlier,
j^
the à
elemen: and
eTA Sior
Line 40 inputs the data into the displays it on the screen. Line 50 checes for à to terminate t^e inputting of data. cine 80 gets interesting again. The location of the current element of the array is put into DEST and usec by the M/i at 25754 to shift everuthing up in memory one array-widtn and to change the array parameters so that the 2068 knows that the array is one element ionger.
arral
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CREATING THE PROGRAM
If you do not have an assembler, type in the LOADER program first. Line 10 generates the !1-bute routine that moves the BASIC area. Line 20 calis that routine. The rest of the code is now generated underneath the BASIC program. RUN the program. Anu typing errors in DATA lines 82 to 89 will be flagged. GOTO 9999 will save both M/C programs. Now type in the main program with both the M/Cs still in place. 6070 9999 will SAVE all three programs. Then a GOTO 1 will call up the little menu. Option 3 will be the one to choose at this time. The prompt will permit you to create the array with any width you want. The lencth of the array is looked after by the program, of course.
Since the data is stored in an array. never RUN the program. Always GOTO 1 to reach the menu. LARRY CRAWFORD
| REM CODE LOADER FOR EXPANDING ARRAY - LD Crawfors 10 CLEAR 65354: RESTORE 81: FOR fzD 70 li: READ a: F OKE (565355«f).a: NEXT f 20 RANDOMIZE USR 65355 30 RESTORE 82: FOR F=0 TO 7: LET T=0: 3i READ A: POKE (26718*104F*Gj, ^: LET T=T+A: READ A: IF AOT THEN PRINT "DATA PROBLEM IN L2 aF: STOP 32 NEXT F 33 FOR F280 TO BZ: READ à: POKE 2571BeF.À: NEAT F 34 STOP 81 DATÀ &z DATA 83 DATA
42, 83,92, 42, 1, 91,0, 205. 187. 15, 201
221,42,77, 92,221, 34, 85, 105, 221, 202
255, 221,110. 254. 34, 90, 104, 221. 102. 84 DATA 221.110.252, 34, 88, 106, 221, 102 85 DATA 110.249,34,92, 104, 201,42. 77, 92. 86 DATA 75,90, 104, 9, 43. 205. 187, 16, 221,42. 79^ 87 DATA 85.104,42, 92,104, 237,91, 90, 103. 25, 975 BE DATA 221,116, 250, 221, 117,249, 34, 92, 106,62, 1526 89 DATA 88.104,35, 221,116,253, 221, 117,252. 24, 1441 90 DATA 88,104,201
9999 SAVE 'opnr'CODE 65355, 11: SAVE 'expccce CODE 267:
0,91
PAGE 7
FF4B 2A535C FF4E 2B
FF4F 015200 FF52 CDBB12
FF55 C9
6855 7E
6857 BE
Basa ec
ssss gg
525A g2
5258 aa
BB8SC if
sesp ae
B85E DD2R4D5C B8B2 DDEZS58558 6856 DDB8FF 6869 DDBEFE Sase 225888 S86F DDBBSFD 5872 DDBSEFC S875 225858 B878 DDSSFA S878 CDSEFS 537E 225058 Baai c8
S322 ER4DSC Saas ED4B5RH58 Bsas 29
Baan 25
B88B CDBBiz 533E DDsAsess 6882 295c53 S885 EDSBSREC 822 19
522A OD74FA gaapt DD7SF9 gana 225c88 Sana zaSas5a Baas 23
8887 DD74FD S8AR DD7SFC B8HD 225888 Sea. ca
ing SPECTERM-&4 with disk driv
OPNR
i nto the buffer with t}
Expanding Array Continued
LD HL, (prog)? DEC HL A LD BC,OO5B CALL 12BRP RET
T LD A, (HL?
LO L,iHLi
INC C
NOP
LD (BC},A NOP
DEC E
NOP
LD IX, idest} LD tFRST!,IX LO L,(IX-4FE! LE (UDTH),HL LO H,IIX4FD LD L,iIX4FC) LD (LAST) HL LO H, (IX+FA LD L,tik+Fa LD LNTH HL RET
iD HL, idest:
DEC HL
CALL i2BB
LD Ix, (FRST! LO HL, (LNTH) LO DE, (UDTH} ADD HL, DE
LD iIX4FB!,H LO (iIX«F9)1,L LD iLNTH! HL LO HL, (LasT: INC HL
LO (IX4FD),H LD iIX2FC),L LD iLAST!,HL RET
ates
SUT 'PMTER aqme LENGTHS =- $ i we ee 5v
" 3p IE INT(CL/12
1 REM AN EXPANDING ARRAY FOR STORING DATA
3 REM.LARRY CRAWFORD 87 04 26
4 REM
9 GO Tò 500
10 LET Xz1: INPUT "WHAT IS WIDTH OF ARRAY?':W: CLS 20 DIM N$CL.W) 30 LET N$(1)2N$(1): RANDOMIZE USR 24718: GO SUB 500 4D PRINT X:: INPUT N$(X): PRINT TAB 5:N$(0X) 50 IF CODE N$(X)2228 THEN GO TO 100 60 LET NS{X)=NS(X): RANDOMIZE USR 26754: LET X=X+1;
60 TO 40
100 CLS : PRINT "DATA STORED IN ARRAY'"'
110 FOR Iz1 TO X-1: PRINT I:TAB 5:N$(D): NEXT I
120 STOP
500 LET N$(1)zN$(1): RANDOMIZE USR 25718: BORDER 1i: P APER 1: INK à: CLS : PRINT TAB 01:'MENU''""
510 PRINT "i: DISPLAY ARRAY TO DATE'''*2: ADD TG EXIS TING ARRAY''''3: CREATE A NEW ARRAY''''à: SAVE TO TAPE 10715: PRINT CONTENTS GF ARRAY'''"TAB 8; FLASS {i ENTE R CHOICE?
520 INPUT C: GO TO C*52 521 GO TO 100 522 LET XzX-1: GO SUB 500: GO TO 66 523 GO TO 10 524 GO TO 9999 525 LPRINT "CONTENTS OF ARRAY''': FOR isi INT I;TAR 5:5N$CI): NEXT I 600 CLS : PRINT "ENTER DATA"? "(Use STOP to terminate entries)'"'
610 RETURN 9998 LOAD 'opnr'CODE : RANDOMIZE USR 63355: LOAD 'expc ode'CODE : GO TO 500 9999 SAVE "exp" LINE 9998: SAVE 'opnr'CüDE 65355,11: 5 AVE "expcode'CODE 25710.71
vei 2
SINC-LINK
PAGE 8
BOB'S NOTEBOUR,
FOR LARKEN DOS USERS:
YOU Whe Like to Stick a COPY GF the disk directory on ucur dickette cavers end alto would Like to be abie to Show
For anu or
the date and dist number on the .
directory, have I got a program Far youi Tgp& it in and give it a Whirl.
106 REM DE
185 REM s32323232232223222332313
iig OUT 24,64: RENDOMIZE USR 63 4GG: REM cave “dire, Bi”
226 RANDOMIZE USR 63488: REM tao ad “LPOGSe3. Co”
2238 CLs
i32 LET copu-a
135 INPUT "make dupes? urn "^ i IME is
226 FP oi£-c"g" HEN LET dupe-i i137 IF iE:5"4y" THEM LET dupe-a 140 INPUT “screenvprinter? s/p "* LINE £5
ide IF z£-"t" THEN LET dupe-g8
258 BEEP .1,18: INPUT “date (yy feddi “7 i INE d$
i152 PRINT : BEEP .1,1 INPLIT "U disk # "; LINE n
155 GPEH #2,5%
268 PRINT dx
165 IF s$į=”p” THEN PRINT
i79 LET trac=Se@se2
188 LET icadtrac=4ee853
396 LET prdir-4asia
288 PRINT AT 3,8;: PORE lrac,à £18 RANDOMIZE USR 483802
226 RANDOMIZE USR teadtrac
236 RANDOCHIZE USR 82
24@ RANDOMIZE USR erdir
245 IF copy THEN GO TO 282
258 LET iat=@: FOR i-585820 TO 5 $657
255 IF PEEK i41Z28 THEN LET tet= icti
266 NEXT i
278 LET filte=8: FOR i-506793 Ta SeSe7 STEP 34 .
E75 IF PEEK 143249 THEM LET Fil &£-file-ci
277 NEXT i e 230 PRINT ^'"HUH GF FILES: “; Fi te
225 PRINT “"“TRACKS OPEN: “; tot 295 IF copy THEN LET copy=-8 320 PRINT ^ INVERSE 1,"dizkHü "; nz
33e IF c£-"p" THEN PRINT ^"ziiz
24$2323242232323:22222222:22:321" G4) IF s£-"p" THEN PRINT ^^^"aiz
358 IF dupe THEN LET dupe=@: LE T ccpyu-i: GO TO ise
350 PRINT #8; “Presse SErt a new disk”
376 CLOSE #2: PAUSE e
break or in
e: GO Ta 13
anc n — À——— €
SINC-LINK
370422
swt. Bi Ble tsxo5.Bi eea LDO0S516.C5 @@2 menu.Bi #82 Cab: FL.Bi Da3 gecshyd.Bi ei2 ipfiie.Bi eia drctru.Bi ei: Cabte.Bi 903 LDOS48.C5 evs
NUM OF FILES: 1e TRACKS OPEN: 18 .
rf Tat eg:
23333232323223132434222322922323333232
-
Things ta i.
mote:
YOU can make an extra copy ef €ach directoru if you need it iI KEEP a notebceok*.uith the
extras For back-UP puUrpocsez).
The unnecessary data whic: oU get when Print the directory usina one of the disk versions ef LDOS hes been ieft out {LDOS4+ etca}.
ueu
YOU Can edd mere than the dizk number a: the bottom: €.9. SPECTRUM.
The term “TRACKS been used instead of BLOCKS" uhich sounds iistnomer to me.
OPEN" hee "FREE tike a
S. Lines 258 to 258 get the number of Tracks Open from the dats on track e while tines 270 to 277 get the number or Files. This basic Procedure is Stow but is adequate ror the job it does. The uhoie program could he Compiled into machine code but I teave thet to the fe€ader.
Note the use oF Flags “copy and “dupe” to contrat the Gutput Flaw derending on Whether uou want duplicates Gf not. The fFisas take eff- ect ai Line 358. ‘IF dupe’ GF COUrSe is the same at “IF dupe=1°. The value af “COPY” is tOQ9SlEd back to Zero at iine 295,
Bob Hitchetti Hau ar P.5. For Timachine Users: If jou ever use OPERZ 2,"np" in
Sour BASIC programs, foliow it
With CLS er copying mau net 3 right in the COfipiled vertion. RAR
PAGE 9
DISK DROPPINGS
by Greg Lloud Ever wonder what VuCalc ala 2848 is good for ? Me too. All those rows and columns and that lousy COPY command the only way to output. Three columns of 18 lines on bathroom tissue is the sort of thing that makes Lotus-123 owners stop and stare. Well, after reading a short program to modify VuCalc to output to a full size printer in ZX Computing a few months back, I decided to find out what 132 columns would look like on real paper. The program mods in ZX-C were for the Speccie so I made the necessary mods to fit the 2858. Basically the version on the Spectrum is a matrix 50 by 58 cells, the 2058 is 50 by 50. The code is in a Slightly different place. No problem once you know where to look. Below are the lines you'll need to add.
2000 CLS : INPUT "NUMBER OF COLUMNS (MAX 18)*:X: LET X=X# VAL'7*
2018 IF X > VAL "SQ" THEN LPRINT CHR$ 27:CHR$ 27; CHR$ 27;CHR$ 20;:REM compress mode (132 col)
2020 INPUT "START AT COLUMN ?(1 TO 5Q)"3Y: LET YzY-SGN PI
2038 INPUT "START AT ROW ?(A TO AX)* 32$:IF LEN Z$ = SGN PI THEN LET 7$=" '47$
2040 IF 2$(2)="" THEN LET Z=CODE 2$(1)-VAL '97*
2050 IF 2$(2)<>"* THEN LET Z=(CODE 2$(2)-VAL '97*) + (VAL '25'AND Z$(1)="a")+(VAL "52"AND 2$(1) ="b")
2068 INPUT "NUMPER OF LINES ?(1 TO SQ)" ;R:LET R= R-SGN PI
2078 LET Q= VAL'34573' «(VAL '7* Y) * (VAL" 50" 42)
2080 FOR F=Q TO Q+(R# VAL"35@") STEP VAL" 150"
2090 FOR G=NOT PI TO X
2102 LPRINT CHR$ PEEK (F46);
2118 NEXT 6
2128 LPRINT
2130 NEXT F
2148 GOTO USR E3
Now the explanation:
2008 - sets up the width of the printout.
2018 - the cells are 7 characters wide so get into compressed mode if more than 80 characters need to be printed out. I have a Tasman I/F and Tandy 105 printer-hence the bizzare codes in line 2018.
2028 - point at where you want to start printing. 2030 - point at what row to begin on.
2048 - 2050 raz ma taz to fix up what you just entered. Proper spacing and all that.
2068 - how long do you want this to go on for.
2070 - here's where the code is and how it's spaced out. Blocks of 7 starting at 34571.
2088 - 2138 print it out.
2148 - BACK TO WORK
Some space saving code has been used to keep it small and hopelessly confusing. That’s why you pay big bucks to read my column. I load ay print driver code in at 54715 and have no conflicts with the data. In fact, the data segment of VuCalc ends below 51000. Now You can use that program you had to have but soon discovered was as useful as ZX-Forth remember that stinker? Greg Lloyd 5/28/87
GAME TIPS
TOMAHAWK Game tips
For a flash take-off in combat mode you want to get up speed fast. Take the controls up to 100% torque and push the nose down to 30 degrees. You'll go from 0-100 in less than 6 seconds. Not bad eh? Don't worry too much about landing. ycu can !and anywhere, and then taxi up to the pad, using your rudder to steer,
It's a good idea not to be too high or to low when attacking. You always have to point the nose down, and if you're too high you'll find yourself diving too fast. You can't shoot tanks with guns, only rockets and missiles.
The conventional way of slowing down is to roll left and right which generates more drag. To make a tight turn, pull the nose up as you roll. It's easier to hit the enemy helicopter when it's on the turn. It can't fly through the mountains, so if you sit behind them, it'll have to come over the top and dive. Beware though, on Mode 1, the helicopters will try kamikaze as they can't shoot you down,.
In the strategy game, option 4, the division of territory is always different.
If you want an easier game, keep on breaking out until you get one you like. Also in the strategy game, take out a whole row of enemy position if you can, as they won't be able to recapture any once that row is complete, But be careful, they can do the same to you.
SINC-LINK PAGE 10
Software Review
Multi-Draw 2068
Cost (1985) 24.95 U.S.
This graphics package is very sinmilar to a sister
program for the Spectrum called The Artist although the latter is somewhat more sophisticated. Pasicallu, the program runs in a format that is commonly referred tp as menu driven. That is to say that there is something almost aluaus on screen to display the commands or functions available for the software package. The alternative is called command driven, where the commands or utilities are documented on paper and are to be memorized in order to make adequate use of the software package.
Mutli-feaw has a command line at the bottom of the screen that consists of the following structure: column G menu list opticns for text input 8X maginification ttributes and colour ight switches between uda's
m"
a bi
[s 8-21
W^ de au [PS
he commands available are:
Draw, Colour, Bia Prt,Sm. Prt,Sry Prt,Copy,Save PG,Load PG,Save S$.Load $$,Basic, Clr 5$ A joystick is required in order to access the various
functions as well as to do the drawing. As the diagonal positions are used to obtain the appropriate commands etc., it is most important that a good joystick is aquired in order to detect the angles properly,
What is most alarming and somewhat strange, is that to do a circle ucu have to exit to basic and do it from there, It was nice to find that the program caters to a large printer, but which one is a good question. It certainly will not work on a Fastext ED. The other facilities of the program were to a great extent applied much batter in other graphics packages but are functional in this one, j
It vould have been nice to have had windows, rubber banding, circle, merge and airbrush to name a few, but I suppose that for most pecple interested in producing banners or post cards, this program will suffice.
Tt is rather obvious that the author is somewhat
biased against this software package, particularily in
the light that the Timex 2049 has available a far uperior graphics utility calied hi-res colour and
di lay modes, and yet no one ,and in this case the
15- authors z; this software, have nct applied it. Should "e a facility have been catered to. then I surmise that the resulting software would have been able to blow all other graphics packages away!
Rather than continue in reviewing each and every
SINC-LINK
graphics software package that is currently on the market, or more precisely, that is in mu software library, I propose to list those packages and indicate against each one, whether or not it contains a certain facility that I feel desireable as a major item. It should be noted that in the grading or assessment, if a facility was a complicated process or unmanageable, then it is deemed to be not in existance. Also, if through basic, there was the possibility to apply the program to disk drives or micro-drives, then it was determined that it exists.
If other software packages are out there such as ART WORX or PC DRAW-2048 add them to the list as well to get a good picture of an overall standing. The reason that I have not included them is obvious, I don'* own it.
Without further ado:
Packages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 --—----—---- ———À————e e —--- oe
MAchine type TS ts Sp sp sp sp sp Jj.sk/k.bd/a.ll j J ā j J J k T.2040/1.arg 1 l 1 t t t t elastic(u/n) n n y n y n n prog. draw n n n n y n n udg’s/edit n y y y y y n colour contr y y y y y y y erase y n y Uu Y y4 y4 restore eras n n y n n n n fill y n y y y n n textures n n y n y n n air brush y n gj n n n n magnify n y y y y n y save(t.m.d.a) a à "n t m t t grids y y E] y y n n menus y y y y n n full graphics n n y y u n n manual/doc. n y y y yY Y4 y text input Yy yY yg y y y n overall(20) 10 9 18- 1 d46- 6 8 LEGEND: * 17 Top Drawer
2 = Multi-Drau 2058
3 = Art Studio
4 = The Artist
5 = Leonardo
& = Paintbox
7 = id-Uu
Roelof Mulder
PAGE 11
A WORD OF CAUTION: Any hardware project for your computer must be | approached with extreme caution. SYNC cannot be responsible for any problem | that may arise from attempting hardware projects. Obviously, any damage to your | computer can be costly in time and money.
The Great RAM Rescue
Randall S. Glidden
Reprinted from March/April 1984 SYNC
The Unused 1K-2K Space
So, do those of you who have up- graded your ZX81/TS1000 to 16K ever feel sorry for that unused 1K-2K RAM, sitting unloved and unneeded inside your computer? Why not put it to work for you by wiring together this little cir- cuit? It will convert your on-board RAM into a handy little place to put machine code programs, cost under $10, and, if you are handy, take about 15-30 ©—___________Figure 1. Schematic for RAM/ROM decoder and RESET switch. minutes to wire up. Here, nestled away, +5V will be a memory location unaffected by LOAD, NEW, and (with a little switch) 14 MC induced crashes.
The on-board RAM begins at address l 12 16384 (4000h). and it is deactivated A13 = when you plug in an extemal RAM pack. This is done by putting the +5 volts to the RAM chip select line (RAM CS), which turns off (deselects) the in- ternal RAM chip. (The RAM chip is ac- Al4 tive or selected when RAM CS is low, i.e., close to O volts.) You can use this in- ternal RAM at any address you desire, MREQ simply by making RAM CS low when- ever a certain range of addresses is called for.
For machine code programmers a convenient place to use in the Sinclair memory map is the area 8192-16383, MEM.CHIP since it is not affected by LOADing or PINS 18 & 20
the NEW command. Ordinarily this
area is occupied by the ROM operating system which selfishly repeats itself Se 3
there out of its "normal" position be- RAMCS | tween 0 and 8191. This was done appar-
ently for simplicity of decoding—the N.C. 6
Sinclair logic chip makes ROM CS low
(i.e., turns on the ROM) whenever the Switch #1 A14 address line is low (therefore from ROMCS DPDT addresses 0-16384 and again from
32768-49151).
Opening the 1K-2K- Space To free up some of this wasted space |
all you have to do is put ROM CS high RESET €— —— i whenever some of these addresses are . GND "———— —Ó——— ——Ó Switch #2 Randall S. Glidden, M.D., 185 Chiswick Rd., Brigh- SPST, normally open =
ton, Mass. 02135. NP Ta be continued next issue
Author's Addendum | It has recently come to my attention that newer TS1000s have a printed circuit | layout that differs from that of the ZX81 and early TS1000s. Because of this, before | you attempt this modification, be sure that your circuit board conforms to the | pattern shown in the figure. If it is not the same, you can probably still perform the "RAM rescue," but you will have to identify the proper connections from the | appropriate ROM or CPU pins as noted. |
SINC-LINK
—Á— PAGE 12
QL WAYFARER BY REGINALD COTTLE
Once called "QL Corner” this column now hopefully has a singularly significant name. It appears that the Plotter, another circulating newsletter, is running articles by members in a QL Corner column. Way to go Plotter!
Due to the family obligations of becoming a first time father, my column was conspicuous by its absence in the last Newsleter, my apologies.
At this time I would like to thank Frank French on behalf of all our QL users for making the first contribution to our QL software library. It consists of two working games down-loaded from Compuserve. One is Spaceport 2001, an aliens game with some very nice graphics, and the other is TEV Game, a stock manipulation game of chance for 2 to 4 players.
The QL library will consist of public domain software supplied for material cost and the cost of handling on a library supplied medium to club members it is free of charge to members on a medium of their choice (either 3 1/2" disc or micro-cassette) that accompanies their request and a stamped self addressed mailer. Library catalogue listings will be available and updated as new titles appear and made available to members for a request and a stamped self-addressed return envelope. Non-members are welcome to use the library on a one programme for one programme exchange basis We will also distribute member and patron copyrighted software for a small sum, we are a non-profit club and therefore the charge is to cover royalties and handling only. This service will be considered as part of the member service of the library and copyrighted programmes will not be available as exchange programs.
SINC-LINK
Unlike other software libraries, we will not distribute review copies of copyrighted software. Proof of copyright and letters of assignment must accompany any copyrighted contribution. To kick off our campaign to expand our QL library a special one time offer is being made to the first one
hundred contributors who are members or non-members. The medium you submit with your
contributin will be returned to you with copies of all the recent
- public domain contributions that
we have received, free of charge. This offer is in effect until notice is given that our goal has been reached.
Any Manuals or help files must be submitted in the form of A Quill File. As the contributions are received they will be reviewed in the QL Wayfarer.
As & kickoff to our regular user access of the library in our next issue look for an update and review of our catalogue as well as an outline of our service charges and royalties fee schedule. To make a contribution or receive further information address your inquiries to:
TTSUC-QLL
c/o Reginald Cottle 790 Eglinton Ave. West Apt. 411
Toronto, Ontario
M5N 1G1
PAGE 13
MURPHY'S LAWS OF COMPUTING
A specialist is somone who knows more and more about less and less unti] he gets to the point where he knows absolutely everything about mothing.
A conclusion is what you come to when you reach the
point where you can't think anymore,
You can always spot an expert in the crowd. It's the person who says the project will take the longest to complete and will cost the most.
The component which has the shortest life Span, will always be located in the least serviceable position.
Any circuit design will always contain at least one part which is obsolete, two parts which are no longer obtainable, aod three parts which are stil! under deveiopment.
Postmaster, if Undelivered Return to :
Toronto Timex -Sinciair Users Club P. O. Box 7274 Stn. A Toronto, Ont., MSW IXS
Canada
PAGE 14
SCUTTLERBUTT
À ruaour is Baking its way around Compuserve that Iy Computing is putting out its last issue in June,
Doug Dewey is either dead
or has left the planet. Anyone knowing of his whereabouts should let it be known as seabers in Toronto have ordered things from hia and have nat received any response to enquires as to the
fate of their goods,
Regarding TL Davis Home Computer Club..... The
SUFFOLK CONSTABULARY FRAUD SQUAD are VERY intersted in this organization, [+ anyone has bad any trouble with this Club, no matter how trivial, please contact:
Detective Sargeant Beach Suffolk Constabulary Force Headquarters, Fraud Squad Martlesham Heath
Ipswich, Erol and